Comparing The Effects Of Selected Training With And Without Water Inertia Load On Motor Performance, Gait Kinematic Parameters, Postural sway, And Fear Of Falling In Elderly People With A History Of Falls

This study aims to compare the effects of selected exercises with and without water inertial loading on motor performance, gait kinematic parameters, postural oscillation, motor control, and fear of falling in elderly people with a history of falls. It also examines which type of exercise is more effective in improving these variables

This randomized (blocked) single-blind clinical trial will equally divide 45 elderly people with a history of falls into three groups (unstable load training, fixed load training, and control). The aim of this initial phase study is to investigate the effectiveness of these exercises on balance and motor function with assessors unaware of the grouping

This quasi-experimental study compares the effects of aquatic (water bag) and dumbbell exercises on motor function, balance, and fear of falling in 45 elderly people aged 60-75 years with a history of falls. In this 8-week study with 3 groups (aquatic, dumbbell, control) and 2-month follow-up, the assessors and data analysts will be blinded

Physical activity level, general health Ability to walk 6 meters, ability to perform exercises MMSE greater than 24. Musculoskeletal disorders Use of medications that affect the nervous system Neurological, cardiovascular diseases Unstable medical conditions Significant visual, hearing, cognitive disorders

Training using an unstable load (using a water bag) resulting from the inertia of water. Training using a stable load (dumbbells)

Improved core motor function (strength and endurance) Enhanced gait kinematic parameters (e.g., speed, cadence, stability ratio, stride length, step width, double support time) Increased postural sway and motor control (balance, postural control) Reduced fear of falling Decreased overall fall risk

Participants will be randomly assigned to three groups: control, water-unstable load training, and constant load training in a 1:1:1 ratio. Randomization will be performed in a block-wise manner with block sizes of 3 and 6 using Random Allocation Software (version 2.0). To conceal allocation, opaque, sealed, and numbered envelopes will be used, prepared by an individual independent of the study team, and opened as participants arrive

This study is designed as a single-blind (assessor-blinded) trial. Given the nature of the exercise interventions, blinding of participants and exercise instructors is not feasible. However, all outcome assessors (those measuring motor function) remain fully blinded to participant group assignments to prevent assessment bias. Furthermore, the data analyst will also remain blinded to participant group assignments until the completion of the analysis.

“De-identified individual participant data will be shared in full. Supporting study documents, such as the study protocol and statistical analysis plan, will also be available upon request.”

The 6-month access period begins after the results are published.

Access to the data and documents will be open to all academic and industry researchers interested in using them. Applicants can request access by submitting a formal application, which will be reviewed for eligibility before granting access.

Use of the data and documents is permitted solely for research and academic purposes, and any commercial use or republication without written permission is prohibited. Applicants must commit to preserving individual anonymity and using the data only in accordance with approved ethical protocols.

Applicants can send their requests to nahid_jalil@yahoo.com. After reviewing the request, the necessary information will be sent back through the same channel.

After sending the email, your request will be reviewed and approved within 3 to 5 business days. Once the review process is complete, the data or documents will be sent to you via the same email address.

No additional information is available.