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Study aim
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive tasks with different cognitive domains, including executive function, visuospatial processing, and working memory, on lower-extremity kinematic parameters during single-leg hoping in athletes with ACLR
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Design
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50 samples were placed in parallel groups without cognitive tasks and with cognitive tasks (auditory Stroop task, visual-spatial task (Dots) and backward counting). Randomization and blinding were not performed in this study.
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Settings and conduct
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Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ahvaz jundishapur University of Medical Sciences,
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Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria
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Inclusion criteria: age 18–45 years; unilateral ACLR performed at least 6 months prior to testing; Tegner Activity Scale score ≥ 6; ability to perform jumping and rotational activities without pain; and return to pre-injury level of sports participation.
Exclusion criteria included: self-reported knee instability; osteochondral lesions; neuromuscular disorders affecting the lower extremities or spine; rupture of other knee ligaments; meniscal tears greater than grade I ; severe cognitive impairments; uncorrected visual or auditory deficits; use of medications affecting cognition, or neuromuscular functions; diabetes mellitus; or dermatological conditions precluding marker placement .
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Intervention groups
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Athletes with ACL performed the single-leg hoping test under no cognitive task conditions, along with an auditory Stroop task, a visuospatial task (Dots), and a backward counting task.
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Main outcome variables
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Hip, knee, and ankle joint angles in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes at initial contact during a single-leg hop