Comparing the Effectiveness of Microlearning and Flipped Classroom Approaches on Learning Arterial Blood Gas Analysis and Motivation of Anesthesia Students Based on Kirkpatrick's Model
Comparing the Effectiveness of Microlearning and Flipped Classroom Approaches on Learning Arterial Blood Gas Analysis and Motivation of Anesthesia Students Based on Kirkpatrick's Model
Design
A quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design and a sample size of 50 participants.
Settings and conduct
Anesthesia students at the School of Allied Medical Sciences of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, after registration, will be invited to the first session, during which the pre‑test and motivation will be assessed, and for the next sessions, the students will be divided into two intervention groups. At the end of the course, the post‑test, motivation, and satisfaction will be assessed, and in the next phase, the students will be evaluated in the clinical setting, and the assessor will evaluate the students in a single‑blind manner.
Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
B.Sc student of anesthesia.
Registration in the arterial blood gas analysis workshop.
Exclusion Criteria:
participation in other workshops related to arterial blood gas interpretation in the past.
Intervention groups
Instruction on interpreting arterial blood gas test results and related parameters will be delivered in four 2‑hour sessions over four weeks. The first session is identical for all participants and uses the traditional method, and the remaining three sessions are delivered separately to each intervention group.
Intervention group 1: Educational content is delivered via micro‑learning (three sessions) using short videos and posters available after each session. Intervention group 2: Educational content is delivered via the flipped classroom method (three sessions), with handouts provided one week before class and in‑class time devoted to group work.
Main outcome variables
Knowledge of arterial blood gas interpretation; satisfaction with the teaching method; motivational strategies for learning
General information
Reason for update
Acronym
IRCT registration information
IRCT registration number:IRCT20260214068860N1
Registration date:2026-05-02, 1405/02/12
Registration timing:prospective
Last update:2026-05-02, 1405/02/12
Update count:0
Registration date
2026-05-02, 1405/02/12
Registrant information
Name
shaghayegh miri
Name of organization / entity
Country
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Phone
+98 71 3623 6983
Email address
miri-sh@razi.tums.ac.ir
Recruitment status
recruiting
Funding source
Expected recruitment start date
2026-05-04, 1405/02/14
Expected recruitment end date
2026-08-07, 1405/05/16
Actual recruitment start date
empty
Actual recruitment end date
empty
Trial completion date
empty
Scientific title
Comparing the Effectiveness of Microlearning and Flipped Classroom Approaches on Learning Arterial Blood Gas Analysis and Motivation of Anesthesia Students Based on Kirkpatrick's Model
Public title
Comparing two teaching methods for learning arterial blood gases analysis
Purpose
Education/Guidance
Inclusion/Exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria:
B.Sc student of anesthesia.
Register for the arterial blood gas analysis workshop.
Willingness to participate in the study.
Exclusion criteria:
participation in other workshops related to arterial blood gas interpretation in the past.
Age
No age limit
Gender
Both
Phase
N/A
Groups that have been masked
No information
Sample size
Target sample size:
50
Randomization (investigator's opinion)
Not randomized
Randomization description
Blinding (investigator's opinion)
Not blinded
Blinding description
Placebo
Not used
Assignment
Parallel
Other design features
Secondary Ids
empty
Ethics committees
1
Ethics committee
Name of ethics committee
Ethics Committee of Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Street address
School of Public Health, Poursina St., Qods St., Enghelab Ave.
Knowledge of arterial blood gas interpretation (Kirkpatrick level 2)
Timepoint
Before the intervention and seven days after the intervention.
Method of measurement
pre‑test and post‑test consist of 20 multiple‑choice questions.
2
Description
Students’ satisfaction (Kirkpatrick level 1).
Timepoint
Immediately after the intervention.
Method of measurement
A researcher-made questionnaire.
3
Description
motivational strategies.
Timepoint
Before the intervention, one week after the intervention, and three months after the intervention.
Method of measurement
Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire
Secondary outcomes
1
Description
Change in students’ clinical behavior (Kirkpatrick level 3).
Timepoint
3 months after the end of the intervention.
Method of measurement
Evaluation by the examiner at the clinical setting using a patient arterial blood gas test sheet.
Intervention groups
1
Description
Intervention group 1: microlearning method. Over a 3‑week period, following each of the three weekly 2‑hour arterial blood gas analysis training sessions delivered in a lecture format, microlearning content will be provided to the participants in this group to reinforce the taught material. This content includes short videos and podcasts, usually less than 15 minutes, infographics, and brief online quizzes, which are delivered via interactive media and digital tools in the intervals between sessions until the next class. The educational content of the sessions includes instruction on arterial blood gas report parameters, the approach to analysis and diagnosis of acid–base disorders, and the principles of their treatment.
Category
N/A
2
Description
Intervention group 2: flipped classroom method; In this instructional approach, over a three‑week period, materials related to arterial blood gas analysis are provided to the students in the form of handouts and booklets one week before each of the three workshop sessions, so that they can study them before the class begins. The students then attend face‑to‑face sessions for 2 hours, during which they consolidate their knowledge through gamification and team‑based learning, while the instructor acts as a facilitator. The session content includes instruction on arterial blood gas report parameters, the approach to analysis and diagnosis of acid–base disorders, and the principles of their management.
Category
N/A
Recruitment centers
1
Recruitment center
Name of recruitment center
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences
Full name of responsible person
Dr. Reza Safdari
Street address
No. 17, Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi Alley, Ghods Street, Enghelab Street, Enghelab Square, Tehran
City
Tehran
Province
Tehran
Postal code
14177-44361
Phone
+98 21 8898 3025
Email
Mirishaghayegh79@gmail.com
Sponsors / Funding sources
1
Sponsor
Name of organization / entity
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Full name of responsible person
Dr. Ramin Kordi
Street address
Keshavarz Boulevard, corner of Ghods Street, Central Administration Building of the University, 6th Floor, Deputy for Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
City
Tehran
Province
Tehran
Postal code
141765383761
Phone
+98 21 8163 3698
Email
vcr@tums.ac.ir
Grant name
Grant code / Reference number
Is the source of funding the same sponsor organization/entity?
Deidentified Individual Participant Data Set (IPD)
Undecided - It is not yet known if there will be a plan to make this available
Study Protocol
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Statistical Analysis Plan
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Informed Consent Form
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Clinical Study Report
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Analytic Code
Undecided - It is not yet known if there will be a plan to make this available
Data Dictionary
Undecided - It is not yet known if there will be a plan to make this available
Title and more details about the data/document
All study results are available for sharing after protecting personal information and maintaining confidentiality principles.
When the data will become available and for how long
Data access will begin 6 months after publication of the results.
To whom data/document is available
The data will be available to researchers working in academic and scientific institutions.
Under which criteria data/document could be used
If sufficient justification is provided, the research team will decide on the release of the requested documents related to this topic.
From where data/document is obtainable
After publication of the article, the corresponding author’s contact information will be made available, and interested individuals may submit their requests by contacting the corresponding author.
What processes are involved for a request to access data/document
After contacting the corresponding author and reviewing the matter with the research team, and with permission from the relevant higher authority, a decision will be made regarding the release of the documents.