Study aim: The objective of this study was to find out the effects of spider cage therapy on motor control of hemiplegic cerebral palsy children Design: Study design was randomized clinical trials Sampling techniques non probability purposive sampling technique used and subject was allocated in two groups. Randomization was done by lottery method Study population were spastic hemiplegic cp Study Duration 4 moths Sample size 28 calculated by EPI tool Settings and conduct: Mubarak medical complex new block sargodha Khawaja arshad hospital sargodha District head quarter sargodha Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Modified ashworth scale (grade 2) GMFCS level II.. Exclusion criteria: mutliple deformity, mentally retarded Intervention groups: Group A receive spider cage therapy session was consist of 5 days in a week for 9 months. spider cage used to control motor function like kneeling, half kneeling, one leg standing and jumping. Gross motor function scale-88 ( item c, d and e) used to determine motor abilities of cp child. in start of session general body warm up exercises like neck rotation, Elbow flexion and extension, knee extension and ankle rotation Main outcome variables: Gross motor function scale 88 was used for categorize motor abilities of individual of cerebral palsy as baseline start of intervention. While Modified Ashworth scale was used for spasticity

Study aim: To compare the effects of Muscle energy technique and Bowen technique on hamstring tightness in chronic low back pain patients Design: Pragmatic, community based, parallel group, double blind, randomized controlled trial Settings and conduct: MADINA TEACHING HOSPITAL FAISALABAD Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria • LBP symptoms from more than 3 months • Both males and females • Patients complaining of pain of ≥ 5 on NPRS • Age between 25 to 50 years • A 20° to 50° loss of active knee extension with hip flexion at 90° • Study participants who are willing to take part • A full passive range of knee extension Exclusion Criteria • Patients, who have undergone back, pelvis, hip, or knee surgery within the preceding three months, as well as those with any history of lower limb fractures. • Any radiating pain or prolapsed intervertebral disc-related neurological symptoms • Patients with co-morbidities other than Chronic Low Back Pain and Hamstrings tightness Pregnancy. Intervention groups: Total 62 participants having chronic low back pain due to hamstring tightness between 25-50 years will be recruited into the study by convenient sampling. After getting ethical approval from the University of Faisalabad, all the participants will sign consent form and will be added into 2 groups by lottery method. The baseline treatment along with group specific treatment will be given to subjects. The numerical pain rating scale for pain, Active knee extension test for hamstring flexibility and Oswestry low back disability index questionnaire for disability. The treatment will be given for three times per week for four weeks and 12 sessions will be given. Main outcome variables: ACTIVE KNEE EXTENSION TEST ,NPRS ,OSWESTRY LOW BACK DISABILITY QUESTIONNARE

Study aim: This study aims to explore synergistic effects of Habe Asgand combined and isometric exercises interventions work together to improve physical function, reduce pain, and enhance the overall quality of life for individuals suffering from RA. Design: Pragmatic, community based, parallel group, double blinded, randomised controlled trial. Total 70 patients will be randomised into three groups. Settings and conduct: At Muhammad Institute of Medical and Allied Sciences Multan after getting approval from institutional ethical committee. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion: Adults (aged 25–60 years) diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on ACR/EULAR 2010 classification criteria, Active disease symptoms with mild to moderate RA severity, Ability to follow an exercise regimen and adhere to treatment. Intervention groups: Group A: will be given 1 tablet (500 mg) of Habb-e-Asgand, twice daily after meals, with lukewarm water for 12 weeks. Group B: will be treated with Isometric Exercise Intervention including quadriceps and hamstring isometric contractions (10-second holds, 10–15 repetitions per set), grip-strengthening exercises (squeezing a stress ball for 5–10 seconds, repeated 10–15 times).Each session lasts 30–40 minutes, with a focus on individual tolerance and gradual progression for 12 weeks. Group C will be given combined Intervention both Habb-e-Asgand regimen and isometric exercise protocol as described above. Main outcome variables: Pain, stiffness, physical activities will be main outcome variables. By using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale , pain stiffness and activities of daily living will be assessed. erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factotr will also be monitored. X-ray will also be done for the assessment of the joints with rheumatoid arthritis.

Study aim: The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of Ibuprofen and Dexamethasone in reduction of frequency of pain after giving inferior alveolar nerve block to teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial Settings and conduct: The study conducted at the Operative Dentistry department of Watim Dental College and Hospital. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: 1. Patients with pain VAS≥6 in mandibular molar having irreversible pulpitis 2. Patients who are not taking any antibiotics, anti-inflammatory or analgesics for at least one-week prior treatment 3. Patients between the ages 18-60 years 4. Both males and females Exclusion criteria: 1. Patients with any known allergies 2. Patients with a history of active peptic ulcer 3. Patients with osteoporosis 4. Pregnant or breast-feeding females 5. Patients with immunosuppression Intervention groups: The patients were divided into two groups according to the selection used for medication: Group A received Ibuprofen 400 mg or Group B received Dexamethasone 0.5mg, with 30 patients in each group. Main outcome variables: The patient was asked to rate their pain according to the Heft Parker visual analogue scale. The degree to which the drug was successful in minimizing pain (VAS≤54) within four hours of treatment was deemed effective.

Study aim: To compare the effects of Hand Arm Bimanual Intensive Training and Proprioception Neuromuscular Facilitation patterns on upper extremity dysfunction in patients with subacute strokes. Design: Randomized Clinical Trial, single blind Settings and conduct: Allied Hospital Faisalabad, Aziz Fatima Hospital Faisalabad and District Head Quarter Hospital Faisalabad. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria includes Stroke patient clinically diagnosed or with scan of CT computed tomography or MRI magnetic resonance imaging, Sub-acute stroke patients, Age 35–60 years, Patient with GCS score >8 and vitally stable, On Mini-Mental State Exam score must be >24 and having no severe cognitive problems and Patients suffered from first time stroke and able to give informed consent. Exclusion criteria includes Patients with severe cardiopulmonary complications, Any intracranial implant, Patient with pacemaker, Any kind of cranial defect, Patients with worsening condition that causes difficulties for physiotherapy treatment, All the medical conditions except stroke that limited the use of upper limb, Patients with epilepsy and Patients having previous history of stroke on same side that diminish upper extremity function. Intervention groups: Group A will receive Hand Arm Bimanual Intensive Training (HABIT) and Group B will receive Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) patterns Main outcome variables: Spasticity, Motor function of upper extremity, Activities of Daily Living.

Study aim: To determine the effects of Daoyin training on pain, postural angles and quality of life in Upper- crossed syndrome Patients. Design: It was a concealed, randomized, single blinded, sham controlled clinical trial with a parallel group design of 60 patients. Settings and conduct: Study was conducted at Layyah city hospital of govt college university Faisalabad Layyah campus. The study population was consisted of patients with upper cross syndrome. The study was single blinded. The participants didn't know while they were receiving experimental or conventional treatment. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Aged between 18-45 years, both genders, satisfied the diagnostic criteria raised by Asian Fitness Society for UCS Exclusion Criteria: Patients with neurological disorders (Thoracic outlet syndrome), musculoskeletal disorder (Rotator cuff injury), Inflammatory disease (e.g. Rheumatoid arthritis), history of Spine, shoulder fractures /dislocation Intervention groups: Participants will be randomly allocated into two groups (Group A: DT group, Group B: CT group). The participants randomly allocated in Group A will be received the Thoracic and cervical Daoyin training. Participants will execute this training after 15 minutes of TENS and heat pack. This approach requires five sessions per week for eight weeks. Group B participants will have received treatment includes of TENS, hot pack for 15 min and other body strength exercises and stretches includes shoulder roll, scapular squeeze, wall angel, overhead arm stretch, Cat cow, Knee to chest, superman, trapezius and levator scapulae stretch. Main outcome variables: Pain (Visual Analogue Scale), Postural Angles (Forward Shoulder Angle and Forward Head Angle), Quality of life ( Short Form Survey-12)

Study aim: To find out the effect of pain neuroscience education on chronic pain in diabetic neuropathy and its impact on quality of life Design: A concealed, randomized, single blinded, clinical trial with a parallel group design of 30 patients, will enrolled between September 2023 and November 2023.per and post treatment assessment will taken. Settings and conduct: Study population will be selected from Neurology and Physical Therapy Department (OPD) of Madinah Teaching Hospital (MTH), Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria • Between age of 50 -70years • Both Male and Female Genders • Diabetic Neuropathy on basis of Monofilament testing (27) • History of Diabetes more than 5years • History of pain more than 6 months • HBA1C(Hemoglobin A1c) ≥ 6.5% Exclusion Criteria • Individuals with diagnosed Neurological Disease/ All other neuropathies • Wounds and Amputation in lower Extremity • With Auditory disorder Intervention groups: Group A will receive Pain Neuroscience Education with Conventional Therapy (TENS, stretching and strengthening exercises) which is interventional, and Group B will receive Conventional Therapy (TENS, stretching and strengthening exercises) which is Control Group. Main outcome variables: Pain Intensity, quality of Life

Study aim: To determine the importance of timing in craniotomy in spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage Design: Randomised, superiority, parallel group trial with blinded outcome assessment. Randomisation was centralised and computerised with concealed randomisation sequence carried out at an external site. Sample size of the study was 70. Settings and conduct: The study was conducted at Khyber Teaching Hospital. The outcome assessor in study was blinded. The group has been regularly followed up with imaging to see whether the treatment has worked or not. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: For this study, the inclusion criteria were patients ranging from 18 to 70 who were diagnosed with spontaneous ICH and confirmed by neuroimaging to have a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 5–18. Patients who have traumatic intracerebral bleeding, all the cases requiring surgical intervention, and every deep-seated bleeding, coagulopathy, pregnancy, or pre-existing neurological condition that could affect results were excluded from this study. Intervention groups: A randomly assigned intervention group (medical management) was treated through regular medical care in line with set guidelines, without cutoff monitoring of vital signs and neurological status, as well as timely intervention for complications. The group has been regularly followed up with imaging to see whether the treatment has worked or not. Main outcome variables: Functional independence measure

Study aim: The efficacy of IASTM and deep transverse friction massage on Achilles tendon for patients of Achilles Tendinopathy on pain and disability was not evaluated and it is a less explored area. So, this research study will be carried out to evaluate whether instrument assisted STM or without instrument STM have same effect or not. Design: Randomized clinical trial, Single blinded, Parallel groups, 40 sample size Settings and conduct: • Pro Health Rehab & Medical Center, Faisalabad • In Motion Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Clinic, Faisalabad • Al-Haq Physio & Rehabilitation Center, Faisalabad Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria • 18 to 40 years of age • Clinically diagnosed with AT by a clinician • Pain that is localized 2-7 cm from the tendon's distal insertion • Patient with U/L or B/L AT • Male and female • Having pain greater than 3 on NPRS • Positive Royal London hospital test • Positive Arc sign • Willing to participate will be included into study Exclusion Criteria • Past history of ankle fracture that affect joint • Having pain 3 or less than 3 on NPRS • Insertional tendinopathy • Rheumatic conditions • Diabetes or circulatory issues • Achilles tendon injuries other than AT • Positive Thompson’s test • Patient with age less than 18 years or above than 40 years • Participants with any diagnosed auto-immune disorder • Having co-morbidities such as neoplasm Intervention groups: Treatment Plan Group A For group A Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) was given 3-5 min with 10 mints of warm up session using ultrasound as baseline treatment. Group B For group B transverse deep friction massage was given for time 10 min. 10 mints of warm up session using ultrasound as baseline treatment. Main outcome variables: • Pain • Functional Disability

Study aim: To determine what will be the potential benefits of Wii sports and neutral warmth technique on spasticity and fatigue in chronic stroke patients and to compare the effects of Wii sports and neutral warmth technique. Design: A randomized clinical trial with two parallel groups, a single-blinded study of 3rd phase with 13 patients in each group, which is 26 in total. Settings and conduct: Allied Hospital Faisalabad and District Headquarters Hospital Faisalabad. patient was kept unaware about which group he was allocated to Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: • Ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke • Adult (30 to 50 years) • Lack of cognitive disability, visual impairment, or neglect that would have made it difficult to adhere to instructions for treatment. • Able to voluntarily move the elbow, wrist, and shoulder to carry out game directions. • Not frequent Nintendo Wii users • They hadn't had a botulinum toxin injection in the three months prior to the study • Cerebellar stroke • Any episode of epilepsy during the previous year • Pace maker • visual defects left untreated • Cognitive issues (mini mental score less than 20) • No voluntary movement of upper limb • Fixed contracture or bony deformity of upper limb • Taking any drug that could affect balance Intervention groups: Group A: Wii sports group Group B: Neutral warmth group Main outcome variables: 1. spasticity 2. fatigue 3. Active range of motion 4. Arm Dexterity

Study aim: The major goal of study is to evaluate impacts of Graston technique and Kaltenborn joint mobilization on pain, range and gait in pateints with plantar fasciitis. Design: A single blinded quantitative study following the research design of randomized control trial.Randomization will be through lottery method.Active treatment group will be used to compare results. Settings and conduct: Subjects with plantar fasciitis will be taken from these 3 clinics settings.Faisal hospital faisalabad,IDC physiofit faisalabad, Pro health rehab and medical center:participants will be blinded they will not aware whether they are in treatment group or in control group.participants will receive baseline treatment and Kaltenborn joint mobilization will be given to treatment group and participants will not aware of that. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Subjects having heel pain for more than 1 month, history of plantar discomfort in first few steps, pain with palpable soreness in medial tubercle of heel and positive windlass test will be included in the study. Subjects having these conditions will be exclude-Previous lower or back surgery, trauma within six months, leg length difference, pregnancy,trasal tunnel syndrome,acute ankle sprain,achilles tendinopathy. Intervention groups: Group A.Baseline treatment(ultrasound for 15 min and Graston technique) Group B.Baseline treatment(ultrasound for 15 min and Graston technique)+Kaltenborn joint mobilization Main outcome variables: Visual Analogue Scale for Pain Goniometer for range of motions

Study aim: To compare soft tissue healing regarding cover screw exposure on 7th post op day and pink esthetic score on 3rd and 6th post op month in immediate implant placement in fresh extraction socket with and without the use of platelet rich fibrin. Design: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled clinical trial with a parallel group design of 60 patients, enrolled between 20th January 2021 to 19th October 2021 and followed for 8 months Settings and conduct: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, AFID Rawalpindi. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion crieteria: min age 18-60 years old, presence of Maxillary and mandibular teeth without active infection, with healthy surrounding tissue Exclusion crieteria: edentulous patients, patients having diabetes, undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy, habit of smoking Intervention groups: Intervention group shows stimulation and acceleration of bone regeneration and show tendency toward rapid soft tissue regeneration and reduced peri-implant pain and inflammation as compared to controlled group. Main outcome variables: Quantitative variables like age will be measured as mean ± Standard deviation SD. Qualitative variables like Gender, Cover screw exposure at 7th post op day and Pink esthetic score at 3rd and 6th month follow up will be measured as frequency and percentage. Chi-Square test will be applied to compare qualitative variables like Cover screw exposure on 7th post op day and Pink esthetic score after 3 and 6 months follow up between two groups

Study aim: To evaluate the effect of Carlo Perfetti Method on improving the upper extremity motor function in subacute stroke patients. Design: The study design will be the Randomized clinical trial design Settings and conduct: Allied Hospital Faisalabad, District Head Quarter Hospital Faisalabad and Faisal Hospital Faisalabad. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: The inclusion criteria will be the patient age range from 40 to 80 years, will include both genders: male and female, Patients with Modified Ashworth scale value is 2, patients having Mini-mental scale score >24, the Motricity index score should be < 99 and MCA Stroke confirmed with MRI. The exclusion criteria will be the patients who are already seeking any physiotherapy treatment, Having any wound or inflammation on upper extremity, Unstable medical condition, Any peripheral nerve injury before stroke and Before stroke any upper limb musculoskeletal functional impairments. Intervention groups: Group A will be treated by the Carlo Perfetti Method and Group B will be treated by the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation technique (PNF). Main outcome variables: Motor function of upper limb, Spasticity

Study aim: Aim of study was to evaluate effectiveness of use of single buccal infiltration and conventional two pricks of buccal and palatal injections in terms of providing equally effective analgesia for maxillary tooth extractions, at the same time causing less pain due to single injection rather than conventional two pricks method. Design: Consecutive non random sampling with a parallel group design of 260 patients enrolled between 20th Feb 2021 to 20th Aug 2021 and followed for 6 months Settings and conduct: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, AFID Rawalpindi Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion crieteria: age of 18-45 years,non-restorable tooth due to extensive caries or periodontal disease or for orthodontic extractions, physical status 1 according to ASA Exclusion crieteria: Tooth associated with pathologies, non-odontogenic infections, patients on chemotherapy, radiotherapy and bisphosphonates Intervention groups: Before administration of the local anaesthetic agent, each patient was instructed on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) by a dental assistant.patients were receive infiltration of 2 mL (2% lidocaine HCl with 1:100,000 epinephrine) in the mucobuccal fold adjacent to tooth, at a slow rate of administration, over approximately 1 minute under aseptic technique. Main outcome variables: The minimum VAS pain score in control group after LA Injection, was 18 and maximum VAS pain score was 34 with mean and standard deviation as 26.78 ± 4.993 and After tooth extraction, was 7 and maximum VAS pain score was 23 with mean and standard deviation as 14.18 ± 4.890. The minimum VAS pain score in intervention group after LA Injection, was 31 and maximum VAS pain score was 45 with mean and standard deviation as 38.14 ± 4.372, after tooth extraction, was 7 and maximum VAS pain score was 19 with mean and standard deviation as 13.33 ± 3.595

Study aim: the aim of this study was to look for the immediate effects of autogenic inhibition versus reciprocal inhibition on pain, knee extension range of motion and hamstring flexibility in patients with altered hamstring flexibility. Design: a single-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted with forty two participants included using convenient sampling technique Settings and conduct: the study was conducted at InMotion Physiotherapy Clinic, Ijaz Medical Center and Madinah Teaching Hospital Faisalabad. the participants were blinded of the treatment given to them. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: the participants of both genders having age 25 to 50 years, no history of lower back injuries, unilateral or bilateral hamstring tightness, asymptomatic hamstring tightness with range 70 to 90 degrees measured via SLR test. any recent hip or knee injury, recent cases of ineffective arthroplasty at hip or knee joint, any lower limb nerve injury, hamstring injury and any neurological or orthopedic disorder, pregnancy, recent knee fracture Intervention groups: there were two interventional groups named as group A (Autogenic inhibition) and group B (reciprocal inhibition). the participants of group A received autogenic inhibition technique as the treatment which targeted the hamstring muscle while the participants of group B received reciprocal inhibition as treatment approach in which the main target was quadriceps muscle group. Main outcome variables: the main outcome variables were pain, knee extension range of motion and hamstring flexibility.

Study aim: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of myofascial release and instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) in reducing pain, stiffness, and range of motion associated with post-surgical elbow stiffness. Design: Randomized clinical trial, single blinded, parallel group, sample size 24 Settings and conduct: Ahmad Poly Care Clinic, Faisalabad (APCC) , Allied Hospital, Faisalabad (AHF) Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Male and female , Age 8-40 years, ROM of elbow extension ≥–30 degrees & flexion ≤120 degrees, At least six weeks following surgery, with internal fixation and open reduction. Exclusion Criteria: Participants with any diagnosed auto-immune disorder,Pathological fractures, associated ipsilateral injuries,Injury to both upper limbs, Neuro-vascular disorders, IASTM contraindications (according to the IASTM guidelines), Rheumatic conditions, Circulatory disorders or diabetes. Intervention groups: Baseline Treatment Both groups received conventional treatments, which included a 5- to 10-minute warm-up with active range-of-motion exercises for the shoulder, elbow, and wrist, gentle passive stretching with 30-second holds for three repetitions, and progressive low-load strengthening activities (for the major upper limb muscle groups). Group A Group A was administered IASTM therapy by means of the “S-shape tool,” an ergonomic stainless-steel instrument with multiple hand grips that reduce operator fatigue. . Group B Group B received myofascial release technique was given. Myofascial release treatment is a kind of continuous, mild massage that helps your myofascial tissues become less painful and tense. Group C Group C received both Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) and Myofascial release technique (MFR) to check the effect of both treatments collectively. Main outcome variables: Pain, Range of motion, Functional disability

-group randomized controlled trial. Settings and conduct: Department of Nephrology, Pakistan Emirates Military Hospital (PEMH), Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Age 18

Study aim: To compare the effectiveness of cervical mobilization, thoracic mobilization, and cervicothoracic mobilization and to evaluate neck alignment by improving Forward Head Posture. Design: A concealed, randomized, clinical trial with a parallel-group design of 45 patients. Settings and conduct: All participants will be selected from Faculty members & Administrative staff of The University of Faisalabad Health Sciences Campus. Subjects and assessors are blinded. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Age between 20-40 years; Sings and symptoms of FHP like general soreness, intense pain, muscle tightness; lasts for one month; Pain greater than 3 on NPRS; Office workers who engage in their work with the computer for a minimum of 3 hours continuously; Only female participants. Exclusion Criteria: Any history of neck trauma or accident; Degenerative condition; Prior history of surgery to the cervical or thoracic spine at least before 6 months ago; Signs of nerve root compression; Diagnosed/known psychiatric illness; Systemic disease e.g. hyper/hypotension, diabetes, and hypo/hyperthyroidism. Inflammatory arthritis; Any known malignancy/neoplasm; Any known vascular condition; Any medication for the current condition. Intervention groups: Group A: will Receive infrared for 10 mints, cervical mobilization along with exercise therapy (mobility exercises). Group B: will Receive infrared for 10 mins, thoracic mobilization, and exercise therapy (mobility exercises). Group C: will Receive infrared for 10 mins, cervicothoracic mobilization, and exercise therapy (mobility exercise). Main outcome variables: Outcome measures including the Craniovertebral angle, Cervical range of motion, Numeric Pain rating scale, and Neck disability index will be collected.

Study aim: To check the combined effect of Task Specific training and Roods approach in improvement of arm sensory and motor function in patients after stroke. To check the combined effect of Task Specific training and Roods approach in improvement of arm spasticity in patients after stroke Design: Community based, parallel group, single blind, randomized controlled trial. Settings and conduct: Settings of the trial are Allied hospital Faisalabad and DHQ hospital Faisalabad. Participants will be blind in the study because treatment will be provided individually and alone. Participants will not know which group they belong to because treatment will be performed by the therapist and will not be explained in detail to the patients. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: • Age between 45-65 years. • Acute <6 months upper extremity paresis after stroke. • Muscle power 0-3 muscle grade of all muscle of upper limb by MMT according to oxford scale • Time since stroke < 6months. • Sufficient cognitive ability to participate. • Both genders • Before stroke they were able to wash their hands and feed themselves. • Had no premorbid severe arm condition before stroke Exclusion criteria: • Uncontrolled Hypertension. • Severe dysphasia. • Occipital/ cerebellar lesion. • Other neurological, neuromuscular or orthopedic lesion. • Severe comorbidity. • Concurrent participation in other upper extremity stroke treatment • Perceptual, apraxic or major cognitive defects. • Arm contracture • Severe arm dysfunction before stroke Intervention groups: Group A will receive common treatment and Rood’s treatment approach. Group B will be subjected to task specific training along with common treatment. Group C will receive combination of both Rood’s approach and Task specific training along with common treatment. Main outcome variables: Motor and sensory function of arm

Study aim: The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide versus normal saline irrigation in reducing post-cesarean wound infections and promoting faster wound healing. Design: Randomised, open-label, parallel group controlled trial conducted at a single tertiary care center with a total sample size of 204 participants. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio using a computer-generated sequence to receive either hydrogen peroxide or normal saline wound irrigation. The study was not blinded, and outcome assessment was based on predefined clinical criteria. Settings and conduct: The trial was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, JPMC Karachi, over six months. Women undergoing cesarean section were randomized to receive either 3% hydrogen peroxide or normal saline for wound irrigation. Follow-up continued for four weeks to assess wound healing and infection using standardized clinical criteria. The study was open-label with no blinding. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Women aged 18–40 years undergoing cesarean section at >36 weeks and hemodynamically stable were included. Exclusion criteria included chronic illness, active infection, immunocompromised state, or allergy to hydrogen peroxide. Intervention groups: Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group A received 3% hydrogen peroxide irrigation of the surgical wound before closure during cesarean section. Group B received normal saline irrigation of the wound before closure. Both groups were followed postoperatively for four weeks to assess wound healing and infection rates. Main outcome variables: Main outcomes were wound healing time and post-cesarean wound infection. Healing was monitored weekly for four weeks and categorized by duration. Infection was defined by clinical signs such as pus, inflammation, or hematoma.

-fateh Sports complex, Faisalabad 3. Pakistan Sports Board, Lahore Participants/Inclusion and exclusion

hospital Faisalabad, Govt. General Hospital faisalabad abd Aziz Fatima hospital Faisalabad, Pakistan

Muhammad physical therapy clinic and rehabilitation centre, Multan, Pakistan. Participants/Inclusion and

Study Title: Pharmacokinetic and Safety evaluation of pegylated interferon α-2a from its commercial product “Unipeg” in healthy human subjects. Study goal: To establish the Pharmacokinetic and safety of 20 kDa peginterferon (Unipeg) in Pakistani population. Study Design: Open label, single period, single treatment, and single dose study in healthy volunteers. Sample size: Ten Inclusion Criteria: Healthy male subjects, Age: 18-45 years, BMI: 18-26 kg/m2, Able to understand and give free written informed consent, Non-smoker, non-alcoholic Exclusion criteria: any illness, blood donation in last two months, OTC and any prescription drug in last 14 and 30 days respectively. Participation in another study within last 2 months Treatments: After 10 hour fasting; single dose of PEG-interferon alfa-2a 180mcg administered subcutaneously in the morning in abdominal region. 5ml blood was collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 60, 84, 108, 132, & 156 hours after drug administration. Safety: through physical examination, vital sign, adverse events and lab test monitoring on screening, fifth day and at follow up after two weeks. CBC and ALT test for safety on day five and sixteen. Analysis: through ELISA Pharmacokinetics analysis: PK Parameters; AUC0–t, AUC0–∞, Cmax, Tmax and T1/2. determined by model independent method using PK-solution and PP-stat software Ethical consideration: Approved from independent ethics committee of ICCBS, University of Karachi, and full compliance to Declaration of Helsinki and ICH-GCP.

Study aim: Comparative effects of positional release therapy and muscle energy technique on pain and functional disability in patient with chronic non-specific neck pain. Design: Randomized controlled trial with parallel group design of 58 patients, enrolled for three months and followed the treatment plan. Randomization was concealed. Settings and conduct: Physical Therapy Department of Begum Akhtar Rukhsana Memorial Welfare Trust Lahore. Single blinded study. Participants was blinded as they dont konw which treatment was given to them. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Age 25-40 years, Both genders, Patients with pain level greater than or equals to 5/10 on visual analog scale, Neck pain lasting for more than 3 months. Exclusion criteria: Previous history of spinal surgery, History of trauma to the neck , Spinal deformity, Specific neck pain as a result of malignancy, Narcotic drugs Intervention groups: Group A: Participants in group A received Routine Physical therapy with Muscle Energy Technique. A submaximal (10-20%) contraction of the hypertonic muscle is performed away from the barrier for between 5 and 10 seconds and the therapist applies resistance in the opposite direction. Group-B: Participants in group B received Routine Physical Therapy with Positional Release Therapy. The physiotherapist locates the marked trigger point and while maintaining contact, a light pressure with the clinician’s fingertip is applied creating slight dimpling of the skin and blanching of the clinician’s fingernail bed. Main outcome variables: Pain was measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) Functional Disability measured by Neck Disability Index(NDI).