Pakistan railway General Hospital in 6 months duration (1st Jul, 2016-1st Jan, 2017) Participants

Study aim: To develop a treatment protocol for frozen shoulder by comparing effectiveness of hydraulic distention along with shoulder mobilization and conventional physiotherapy. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial Settings and conduct: Thq hospital wazirabad , patient and investigators are not blinded to type of treatment Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria include middle aged frozen shoulder patients with symptoms lasting more than 3 months. No abnormal finding on radiograph. Confirm diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis . Exclusive criteria include patient having co morbidity except DM . Fibromyalgia, rotator cuff disease, major shoulder surgery and pregnancy Intervention groups: Hydraulic distention along with shoulder mobilization techniques Main outcome variables: Shoulder pain and disability scores determined through SPADI

Study aim: To study the effects of oculogyration with neck proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation patterns on trunk stabilization and standing balance in subacute stroke patients. Design: Randomized Clinical Trial, Single Blind Settings and conduct: Allied Hospital Faisalabad, Aziz Fatima Hospital Faisalabad and District Head Quarter (DHQ) Hospital Faisalabad. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria includes patients with first stroke attack, patients with subacute stroke, Post stroke duration three to six months, Age between 40-65 years, Both male and female, patients with unilateral hemiplegia, patients without any visual disorder, Patients without any hearing disorder, patients with greater than fair strength of extensor and flexors muscles of neck, patients with greater than 3 points on functional ambulation classification, Patients with more than twenty-four points on mini mental state examination. Exclusion criteria includes patients with cognitive impairment, patients with half blindness and hemineglect, patients with Oculomotor nerve defect, Patients with any neurological degenerative disease and patient with any musculoskeletal impairment which affect standing balance. Intervention groups: Group A will recieve oculogyration (eye movement exercises) with neck proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation patterns. Group B will recieve oculogyration (eye movement exercises). Main outcome variables: Trunk Stabilization Standing Balance

, Pakistan. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: thyroid swelling whether

Objective of the study: to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of 2mg dinoprostone vaginal gel when used in real life for the induction of labor in pregnant women.Inclusion Criteria: All pregnant women age above 18 years; scheduled for induction of labor with 2mg dinoprostone vaginal gel; bishop less then or equal to 4. Exclusion criteria: Bishop greater then 4. Study population: pregnant women. Sample size: 45 subjects. Intervation: Dinoprostone 2mg vaginal gel. Main outcomes measures: bishop score & mode of delivery were recorded to evaluate the treatment success. Secondary outcomes includes maternal, fetal and neonatal adverse events.

Univeristy Peshawar Pakistan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: This study will include patients (...) Pakistan and had an easy access to the aforementioned clinic or the i-fitness gym of Iqra National University, Peshawar Pakistan will be included. Patients who had participated in any other clinical study

Study aim: To investigate the effects of virtual rehabilitation on upper extremity motor learning in patients with hemiplegic cerebral palsy Design: A single blinded randomized controlled trial and Purposive sampling technique is used. The sample size was twenty five enrolled between May 2022 to July 2022 Settings and conduct: Patients were taken from Allied hospital Faisalabad and Madina teaching hospital Faisalabad. Group A patients received regular physiotherapy and virtual rehabilitation while Group B patients received physiotherapy sessions. Only the researcher knew which group received regular therapy and other received virtual therapy Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: • Patients between 5 to 10 years old • Diagnosed as hemiplegic cerebral palsy Both genders will include • Patients with visual impairments and auditory problem • Patients with severe spasticity (Modified Ashworth spasticity score of 4) were excluded from the study • patients with Psychological illness • patients Suffered from uncontrolled seizures Intervention groups: Patients in the intervention group will be given through regular physiotherapy as well as virtual rehabilitation. The UE VR training sessions will be 2 times each week for 8 weeks (2 months). For training, non-Immersion Microsoft Xbox Kinect will be used. In Intervention sessions each child will participate in a total of 16 sessions of 40 min each. In control group patients will underwent routine physiotherapy program. The protocol includes passive stretching and strengthening exercises. Each exercise will takes place for 20 minutes 10 repetitions, twice a week, for 8 weeks. Main outcome variables: To improve the motor functions of upper extremity To improve range of motion to increase muscle strength and decrease limited activity To improve reaching ability and grasping function

Study aim: To compare the efficacy of transamic acid mesotherapy versus Hydroquinone, flucinolone acetonide and tretinoin Design: Clinical trial which is parallel group, double blind, randomized, phase 3 trial. Settings and conduct: Dermatology department PNS Shifa hospital Karachi Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria Males and females 18-55 years with facial melasma Exclusion criteria Bleeding disorder, pregnant and lactating mothers Intervention groups: Intervention group 1 Intradermal injection of Transamic acid into melasma areas at 2 weeks interval for 3 months. Intervention group 2 Treatment with topical Hydroquinone, flucinolone acetonide and tretinoin cream for 12 weeks. Main outcome variables: The degree of melasma treatment

Study aim: To compare the effects of stretching and PNF Hold Relax technique for shoulder mobility in post mastectomy patients Design: Randomized clinical trial Settings and conduct: Government and Private hospitals of Faisalabad Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria 1. Age 30-60y 2. Females 3. Post mastectomy patients Exclusion criteria 1. Males 2. Females with chronic illness and traumas Intervention groups: Group A will receive stretching Group B will receive hold relax technique Main outcome variables: Shoulder disability

Study aim: Comparing the effects of two techniques on Patellofemoral pain syndrome Design: Randomization, Parallel, single blind, randomised clinical trial Settings and conduct: Allied hospital, Faisal Hospital, Mujahid Hospital Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: inclusion(age 25 to 45) exclusion (knee bursitis) Intervention groups: Two interventional groups are made named as group A which is Mulligan Mobilization with movement and Group B which is Compression Pain release phenomenon Main outcome variables: knee pain, Range of motion, functional limitations

Study aim: To compare the effects of Maitland and Mulligan mobilization for post-surgical mobility complications of distal radius fracture and change the quality of life of participants after the treatment andreduce pain and increase functional mobility Design: A single blinded randomized controlled trial having lottery method and simple convenient sampling Settings and conduct: Patients were taken from Madinah Teaching Hospital (MTH) Faisalabad, District Headquarter Hospital (DHQ) Faisalabad and Allied Hospital Faisalabad. Group A patients received Maitland mobilization technique and Group B patients received Mulligan (MWM) technique while moist heat was given to both of the groups as a baseline treatment. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Subjects having distal radius fracture and who are gone through the process of open reduction and internal fixation. Moreover, participants whose cast has been removed after two months following the surgery of distal radius fracture. Participants having functional limitation and pain and with an average of about 30 to 60 years are included in the study. Exclusion criteria includes:• Osteopinea, Malunion of the fracture, Pre- existing inflammatory condition of the joints, Prolong steroid usage, Bony block, Hypermobility, Joint effusion, Haemarthrosis, Sudeck’s dystrophy, Complex regional pain syndrome, Infection, Impaired sensation or circulation, Fracture site other than distal radius Intervention groups: Group A (Maitland mobilization group)=Hot pack 15 minutes (baseline treatment) Maitland grade 1 and 2 (first two weeks) Grade 3 and 4 (next two weeks) Group B (Mulligan mobilization group)=Hot pack 15 minutes (baseline treatment) Mulligan mobilization (medial, lateral , anterior and posterior directions) (four weeks) Main outcome variables: Pain, range of motion and functional limitation of wrist

Study aim: The aim of the study is to compare the effects of theraband and plyomteric training on balance and motor performance in footballers Design: Two parallel groups, Randomized Clinical Trial of 40 participants followed for 6 weeks Settings and conduct: Data will collect from Pakistan Sports Board and

Study aim: To compare Muscle Energy Technique and Fascial Distortion Model in patients with shoulder joint limited mobility. Design: Pragmatic, Parallel group, Double blind, Randomized controlled trial (RCT), Settings and conduct: Saba Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation and sports injury clinic Lahore. Participants and outcome assessor will be blinded by the researcher. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: INCLUSION CRITERIA Pain and functional limitations of shoulder joint in 20-60 years old patients. Limited mobility/Hypo mobility of shoulder joint in Flexion, extension, abduction, Horizontal adduction, external and internal rotation. Unremarkable medical history and no clinical or radiological findings that could explain the decrease in shoulder motion Willing to involve in study EXCLUSION CRITERIA Upper or lower motor neuron disease Any pathological and traumatic conditions, Fractures and Dislocation Already received few sessions of Manual Therapy treatment Taking corticosteroids, analgesic or anti-inflammatory drugs. Intervention groups: Group A: Subjects in Group A will received METs (Post isometric relaxation) towards the limited ROM of arm, find the first resistive barrier hold the position and apply the technique and find new barrier. Repeat this for 6-10 times and give three treatment sessions per week for two weeks. Group B: Subjects of group B will receive the techniques of Fascial distortion model according to the body language of the patient(Trigger bands, Continuum Distortion, cylinder Distortion,13 Herniated Trigger Point, Folding Distortions and Tectonic Fixation) in comfortable position for patient. Give three treatment sessions per week for two weeks. Main outcome variables: Range of Motion, Pain, Function

, Opposite Jinnah hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion

Department, Northwest General Hospital & Research Center Peshawar, Pakistan and Rehman Medical Institute Peshawar, Pakistan. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Age: 20-50 years

Neurosurgery, Gambat Institute of Medical Sciences, Gambat, Pakistan from May 2023 to May 2024, Participants

study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesiology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan

Study aim: To compare the effectiveness of preoperatively administered dexamethasone (8 mg intramuscular) against prednisone (40 mg oral) in reducing postoperative edema, pain intensity, and trismus severity following impacted mandibular third molar extraction Design: retrospective, double-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled trial Settings and conduct: Dept of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Islam Dental College, Sialkot. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Patients were eligible for inclusion if they were aged 18–40 years, had a unilateral impacted mandibular third molar requiring surgical extraction under local anaesthesia, and were classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Class I or II. The molar had to be classified as Class II Position B impaction on panoramic radiography (Pell and Gregory classification). Exclusion criteria encompassed active systemic illness (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, renal or hepatic disease), known hypersensitivity or contraindication to corticosteroids, current use of systemic corticosteroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pregnant or lactating women, active pericoronitis or acute pericoronal infection at the surgical site, active peptic ulcer disease, immunocompromised status, and tobacco or alcohol use disorder. Patients who required general anaesthesia or sedation were also excluded Intervention groups: Group A: Dexamethasone 8 mg administered locally into pterygomandibular 20 minutes before surgical extraction, plus an oral placebo capsule identical in appearance to the prednisone capsule. Group B : Patients received prednisone 40 mg orally 60 minutes before surgery, plus an intramuscular injection of normal saline (0.9% NaCl, 2 mL) in an identical syringe to maintain blinding. Main outcome variables: Primary: facial edema at Day 2, Day 5, Day 7 Secondary: VAS pain score (0–10), trismus

Study aim: To compare the efficacy of oral melatonin 3mg vs oral tranexamic acid 250mg in the treatment of melasma Design: open label Randomized Control Trial with 2 parallel group design of 180 patients enrolled between september 2026 and november 2026 in a single center Settings and conduct: open label study Study design: randomized control trial Setting: Dermatology department MTI, Lady reading hospital. Duration: three months Sample size: 180, in which 90 will receive oral melatonin 3mg and the rest of the 90 participants will receive oral tranexamic acid Sampling technique: non probability consecutive sampling. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Age 18–50 with clinically diagnosed melasma (centrofacial/malar/mandibular). Any gender; consent provided. Exclusion Pregnancy/lactation. Autoimmune disease, bleeding disorder, diabetes, prior thromboembolism, or renal impairment. Allergy to tranexamic acid or melatonin. Topical treatment on lesions within 4 weeks. Intervention groups: A total of 180 patients with melasma fulfilling the inclusion criteria will be enrolled and randomized into two groups. Group A will receive oral melatonin 3 mg nightly, while Group B will receive oral tranexamic acid 250 mg twice daily, with sunscreen in both groups for 12 weeks. Efficacy will be assessed at 6 and 12 weeks using clinical photographs and mMASI scores, with >25% improvement considered effective. Main outcome variables: To compare the efficacy of oral melatonin versus oral tranexamic acid in the treatment of melasma, assessed by the change in modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI) score from baseline to the end of treatment

infertile women of South Punjab Pakistan and intervention will be applied in hospital named "The Moeen (...) South Punjab Pakistan age range 20 to 40 years will be included in this study. All women must be skilled in reading and writing. 2. Women who are other then South Punjab Pakistan and are above age 40 years

, Pakistan, Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: age 45-70 years, bilateral

Study aim: To check the prevalence of Quality of Life (QoL) and Psychological Well-being among all the categories of disabilities and their parents or caregivers. To evaluate whether the Quality of Life (QoL) and Psychological Well-being of disabled children and their parents or caregivers can be improved through Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) services. Design: Community based, randomised controlled trial of 160 participants, control and experimental. Settings and conduct: An experimental design will be used. Section one will be comprised of demographics; the second section will contain the screening questionnaires that will be pre-tested among both groups; and in the third level, there will be training and workshops of CBR strategies This entire process will take approximately three months. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Disabled children enrolled in special education institutes at mild level with all the categories i.e., physically disabled, hearing impaired, visually impaired, and mentally challenged are included. All other children with severe disabilities or no disabilities are excluded. Intervention groups: 1. Defining the Community or Special Institutes 2. Entering into the community 3. Selection of volunteers. 4. Vocational Strategy in CBR. 5. Training resources and content. 6.Training and the use of local resources. 7. Transfer of knowledge and skills within the community. 8. Intervention and Referrals Main outcome variables: Quality of Life (QoL) and Psychological Well-being

clinic named Johar Pain Relief Center Lahore, Pakistan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria

university sports complex and wapda sports complex Lahore Pakistan. the participants are unaware of which

Study aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of neck strengthening exercises on pain, Jaw mobility and clicking/popping sound of the disc displacement with reduction of temporomandibular joint in addition to routine physical therapy. Design: Randomized controlled Clinical trial. A Superiority clinical trial. The treatments of interest have either superior effects or similar effects to the control group Settings and conduct: study setting: University of Lahore Teaching Hospital, University of Lahore. Study Duration: 9 Months after the approval of synopsis. Non-probability; Purposive sampling technique. It is a Single blinded study. The assessor and the data analyzer were blind. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: 18-50 years Male & Female Temporomandibular joint Pain plus disc displacement with reduction. 4. Diagnosed Patients Exclusion Criteria: 1. Recent tumor, fracture or trauma in recent medical history 2. Any Systemic/Rheumatic disease. 3. Degenerative changes seen 4. Surgical History of cervical spine Or Temporomandibular joint. Intervention groups: For Control Group: Manual Mobilization of Temporomandibular joint Soft Tissue Release of Masticatory muscles Therapeutic Exercises of Temporomandibular joint including Protrusion and Lateral shifting will be given for home plan. For Treatment Group. All of the above-mentioned treatment protocol with additionally strengthening exercises of deep neck flexors muscles including: Longus Capitus and Longus Colli muscles was given as a home plan thrice a day with 10 repetitions and 10 second hold Main outcome variables: Pain intensity, Jaw Mobility, clicking sound