Study aim: To evaluate the effects of Maitland mobilizations and posterior pelvic tilting exercises on sciatica due to lumbar spondylosis Design: Single blind, parallel assigned, single centred, randomized clinical trial that will be conducted on 38 participants with diagnosed lumber spondylosis and associated sciatica, and the randomization being accomplished using simple random sampling by means of lottery method Settings and conduct: DHQ hospital sheikhpura. the participants are kept anonymous for conducting the single-blind trial Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Patients aged between 45-60 years, Both males and females, having lumber spondylosis and associated sciatica, lumber disk degeneration, Sciatic pain (Numeric pain rating scale from 3-7), Chronic low back pain, with straight leg raise test(SLR) positive and Confirmed degenerative changes of lumber spine on X-ray, Osteoarthritis of peripheral joints were included in the study. Patients having spondylolisthesis or spondylolysis,Tumors of spine, Spine infection, Ankylosing spondylitis, Severe cases of spinal stenosis, Fractures of spine, Having any spinal surgery, Bone conditions like osteoporosis, Osteomalacia, Blood coagulation defects, Cervical myelopathy , co morbidities like diabetes, hepatitis, Autoimmune disorders, Gout, Any neurological deficit other than sciatic, Referred visceral pain and pregnant females were excluded from the study Intervention groups: Group A : Participants will receive therapeutic ultrasound over low back area then Maitland mobilizations over affected vertebrae of Lumber spine and posterior pelvic tilting exercises.Group B: Participants will receive therapeutic ultrasound over low back and posterior pelvic tilting exercises Main outcome variables: sciatic pain

Study aim: Investigating the immediate effects of Mulligan Bent Leg Raise in improving pain and hamstring flexibility in patients with Non-specific low back pain Design: Two parallel group undergoing randomised trial with a blinded assessor and pre and post outcome assessment Settings and conduct: For this study Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar was selected as the setting with the trial undertaken in the physiotherapy dept. Only assessor was blind Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion: Non-specific low back pain: chronic pain Limited SLR; tight hamstrings Exclusion: Systemic problems Neurologically compromised Mental issues Recent surgery; disability; medications Acute disc prolapse Intervention groups: In Mulligan Bent Leg Raise, the patient lies supine and is on the plinth edge with hip and knee of the affected lower extremity in 90° flexion while the physiotherapist stands with a walk stance with the affected extremity. The physiotherapist’s shoulder (near the affected side) will be under the participant’s popliteal fossa and the physiotherapist will clasp (using both hands) the participant’s thigh lower end. For the procedure, initially a length-wise traction is enforced and then hip flexion is added until physiotherapist feels resistance. If, during the process, participants feel pain then the therapist abducts or laterally rotates the hip by either adding more traction or no traction at all. Therapist holds the position for 20 seconds. Three times the process is repeated and then reassessed. Main outcome variables: Numerical Pain Rating Score Goniometer

Study aim: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization and self-stretching techniques to improve shoulder pain, range of motion and function in athletes with subacromial impingement syndrome Design: Randomized clinical trial; a single blinded study Settings and conduct: Future Badminton Academy, Single blinded study (assessors of the study would be kept blind of the treatment group to which the patient will be allocated) Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Age 20-40 years old, Both male and female athletes, Athletes with painful arc, Athletes with positive Hawkins–Kennedy and Neers sign, Athletes with unilateral/bilateral impingement. Non-inclusion criteria: Any other musculoskeletal disorder of shoulder, Any Previous surgery of shoulder, Patients with co-morbidities, Hypertension, Diabetes Intervention groups: Control group: they will get Self-stretching techniques (e.g., cross body stretch, sleeper stretch) using towel, shoulder pulleys or Thera-bands, each technique was performed for at least 5-7 times with 5-10 seconds hold under the supervision of physiotherapist with proper instructions with base line treatment (Hot pack for 10 minutes, TENS 15 minutes) before stretching. Intervention group: they will get Hawk grip (HGPro multitool) under the supervision of Hawk-grip IASTM practitioner. Starting with the superficial muscles of the shoulder girdle, continuing along the intrascapular region and up into the cervical region main focus was on rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis) with base line treatment (Hot Pack for 10 mint, TENS 15 min) before IASTM. Main outcome variables: Function, Pain, Range of motion of shoulder

Study aim: To determine the comparative effects of Butler neural tissue mobilization and Mulligan Bent leg raise in patients with chronic lumbar radiculopathy. Design: Parallel groups, single-blind, randomized controlled trial, 62 participants were enrolled Settings and conduct: OPD physiotherapy department Sheikh Zayed Hospital Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Patients diagnosed with lumbar radiculopathy with unilateral radiating pain by an orthopedist; Aged 25-50 years; Both Male and Female; Positive neurodynamic test i.e. SLR test and Slump test. Exclusion Criteria: Patients having somatic referred pain; specific diseases of the spine like ankylosing spondylitis, Paget's disease, vertebral collapse, rheumatoid arthritis, and spondylolisthesis; spine Tb, intermittent claudication, diabetic neuropathy; Recent infection; Mental retardation; hemiparesis. Intervention groups: Group A: The conventional treatment (hot pack and exercise) includes 10 minutes of hot pack and exercise in addition to Butler neural tissue mobilization. Group B: The conventional treatment (hot pack and exercise) contains 10 minutes of hot pack and exercise in addition to Mulligan bent leg raise, applied for pain, functional activity, and SLR. Main outcome variables: Pain; ROM (lumber flexion, extension, SLR); Functional Disability

Study aim: To evaluate the effects of core stability with dynamic stretching in addition to routine physical therapy in patients with chronic low back pain. Design: Parallel, single blinded,randomized controlled trial Settings and conduct: The study would be single blinded as the assessor was being masked. and will be done Govt. Mian Munshi Dhq teaching hospital Lahore Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: •Patient with history of chronic non specific Low Back Pain Either gender ,age ranges from 20-50 years will include in study Exclusion criteria: •Any neurological symptoms Any pathology of spine like Spondylosis, Spondylolisthesis Patients with other comorbidity such as systemic disorders •Patients with sociopsychatric disorders ,Pregnancy ,Fracture Intervention groups: Intervention groups 1 Description Intervention group: Patients in Group B were treated with core stability exercises (squats, crunches, front plank, plank with alternating leg lift, supine 2 leg bridge exercise), dynamic stretching (Slum stretch, cat and camel stretch, child pose stretch, overhead lateral stretch, and side leg swings), and routine physical therapy (Experimental Group). For six weeks, both groups received two sessions per week. All of the exercises are performed in two sets of 10-15 repetitions during each session. Category Rehabilitation 2 Description Patients in Group-A (Control Group) receive RPT, which involves 20 minutes of hot pack superficial moist heat and 20 minutes of traditional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) to the pain site utilising a dual-channel portable TENS unit with an 80-100 pulses per second frequency. In addition, abdominal curl ups in supine, back extensor exercises in prone, hip extensor exercises in prone, and lumber rotation are performed. Category Rehabilitation Main outcome variables: Pain, range of motion, physical disability

Study aim: The aim of the study is to compare the effects of Conventional Physical Therapy with and without Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in postpartum low back patients for improving pain, disability, and quality of life. Design: A concealed, single-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial with a parallel-group design of 70 patients, Settings and conduct: 70 subjects will be studied in Mansoora Hospital Department of Physical Therapy. Participants and assessors will be blinded. During the first visit, the researcher will complete thorough case history and regional assessment. Patients will be assessed using the SF36 for physical activity, general health, emotional activity, general health activity, and physical functions, Modified Oswestry Disability Index score for the functional outcome, and Numeric Pain Rating Scale for pain. In group A the patient will receive TENS and conventional Physical Therapy along with home-based exercises for back flexibility and strengthening and Group B will receive Conventional physical therapy along with home-based exercises. Participants were reassessed on the outcome scales at end of treatment. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: • Age range between 18 to 40 years • Female having a normal delivery • Female with six Week post-partum • Female having low back pain of delivery Exclusion Criteria • Female with an anatomical anomaly • Female with the structural disorder of spinal alignment (Scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis) • Female with Traumatic / Inflammatory / Infectious Conditions • Female having diagnosed stress / depression / Anxiety Intervention groups: Group A: TENS plus Conventional Physical Therapy (Supervised) with Home based exercises. Group B: Conventional Physical Therapy (Supervised) with Home-based exercises Main outcome variables: Pain, Disability, Quality of Life

Study aim: To compare the effects of incentive spirometry (IS) and deep breathing exercises (DBE) on pulmonary functions after coronary artery bypass grafting Design: Pragmatic, community based, parallel-group, double-blind, randomised controlled trial Settings and conduct: Conducted from July, 2019 - January, 2020 in Doctor's hospital Lahore Assesor was kept blind Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: CABG patients of either gender, aged between 35-60 years were selected by taking 20 in each group by convenient sampling. Patients with previous history of lung disorder, bone tuberculosis, osteoarthritis, neurological diseases and osteoporosis patients, chest operative and unstable hemodynamics patients were debarred. Intervention groups: Group-A with 20 patients was handled with incentive spirometry only. Group-B comprised of 20 patients was treated with deep breathing exercises. Main outcome variables: The outcome measures are values of oxygen saturation (SaO2)by pulse oximetry, and partial pressures of oxygen (pO2) and carbon dioxide (pCO2) measured by arterial blood gases (ABGs).

Study aim: To compare effect of virtual reality alone with the combined effect of Virtual reality and modified constraint induced movement therapy on upper limb motor function in stroke Design: Randomized Control Trial Settings and conduct: Dar ul Rehmat medical complex, Charsadda. Single blinded Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Ischemic stroke of MCA subjects suffering from stroke for at least 6 months Both genders of age between 40 to 60 years Having at least 10° of active extension of each MCP joint, IP joints of all the digits, and 10° wrist extension of the affected limb Spasticity Grade 1 to 3 according to Modified Ashworth Scale Exclusion criteria: Patients with visual deficits Patients not willing to use virtual reality or CIMT Patients with cognitive disorders Patients with upper limb contracture Intervention groups: 1. Group (I) Virtual reality 2. Group (II) Virtual reality combined with modified constraint induced movement therapy Main outcome variables: Stroke

Study aim: To determine the effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy in addition to conventional physical therapy on pain and numbness in lower limbs of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Design: A concealed, randomized, single blinded, sham controlled clinical trial with a parallel group design of 43 patients, enrolled between November 2021 and March 2022, and followed for 6 months. Settings and conduct: Physical Therapy Department, University of Lahore Teaching Hospital Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Both males and females; Age ranging from 45 to 70 years; Type II diabetes with clinical stage N2a of diabetic peripheral neuropathy; Peripheral neuropathic symptoms lasting for ≥ 6 months. Exclusion Criteria: Unstable glycemic index; Pregnancy; Some surgical cases such as knee replacement or any spinal surgery; Spinal stenosis, spinal compression or any other relative radiculopathy; Patients having malignancy and who have received radiotherapy treatment during last six months; Peripheral vascular disease or claudication; Skin discoloration or skin ulcers Intervention groups: In experimental group, patients will receive 20-25 minutes of therapy session including 5 minutes of LLLT on lumbosacral area and plantar surface of foot each, along with the conventional therapy, including TENS for 15 minutes on lumbosacral area and plantar surface of foot. TENS will be used on both sites at the same time. This session will be given for 4 days a week, for 4 consecutive weeks. The patients in conventional physical therapy group will also receive the same treatment including TENS and LLLT but the laser unit will be switched off this time to get sham therapy. Main outcome variables: Pain Numbness

Study aim: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of strain counter strain technique with Kinesio taping and Strain counter strain technique without Kinesio taping on Myofascial neck pain syndrome. Design: Parallel group, single blind,Randomized control trial Settings and conduct: Participants, health care providers who care for participants during the trial, data collectors, Outcome assessors, and with lesser importance data safety and monitoring board and manuscript writers.Outcome assessor is taken blind and data safety will be ensured. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Participants will be included: 1. Subject between the ages 17 and 45 years old. 2. Both male and female patients with myofascial neck pain. 3. Participant with complaints of Neck pain will be recruited. 4. Participants for this study will be strictly voluntary and informed consent will be obtained 5. Presence of active symptomatic MTrPs in the upper trapezius will be the main inclusion criteria. Participants will be excluded if they have a medical diagnosis of fibromyalgia, spinal radicular findings, blood coagulation disorders, chronic pain syndrome, cancer, allergies history of cervical spine or shoulder surgery within the preceding 3 years, use of anticoagulants, opioids or antiepileptic medications, daily alcohol intake over 27.4 g for men or 13.7 g for women, and pregnancy Intervention groups: Group A: Strain counter strain technique with Kinesio taping Group B: Strain counter strain technique without Kinesio taping Main outcome variables: pain and disability

Study aim: The aim of this study will be to compare the effects of diaphragmatic breathing exercise and active cycle of breathing technique in lowering heart rate and blood pressure measured in hypertensive patients at 24 hour and 7 days interval. Design: Two parallel groups, single blinded, randomized clinical trial with pre and post assessment Settings and conduct: DHQ hospital Sahiwal and privately at Sahiwal Diabetes Care Center and Polyclinic (Sahiwal), Participant will be blinded. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria • Patients with age range 45-65 years • Patients clinically diagnosed with hypertension • Patients who will give consent to abide by treatment for 4 weeks. Exclusion criteria • History of precious surgery • History of rib fracture • Any neurological problem • Pregnant females • Patients with respiratory disease • Patients with coronary artery disease Intervention groups: Interventional Group1 : Diaphragmatic breathing exercise. Interventional Group 2 : Active cycle of breathing technique. Main outcome variables: • Heart rate • Systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Study aim: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of the active release technique and post isometric relaxation technique on non-specific neck pain Design: parallel-group, double-blind, RCT Settings and conduct: participants, health care providers, data collectors, outcome assessors, and with lesser importance data safety and monitoring board and manuscript writers. outcome assessor is not taken blind, Data safety will be ensured. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: participants will be included: • Age range of 18 to 40 years • Both males and females • Trigger points • Presence of taut bands in skeletal muscles • Limitation of neck movement due to pain • A minimum of two hours a day of computer usage or persistent (bending posture) work routine • Minimum of four weeks of neck pain due to TrPs in the muscles. EXCLUSION CRITERIA • History of a whiplash injury, • Cervical spine surgery, • Cervical radiculopathy, as diagnosed by their primary care physicians • Cervical spine fracture • Malignancy • Infection • Inflammatory disorder Intervention groups: Group A: Active release technique Group B: Post isometric relaxation technique Main outcome variables: Pain and function

Study aim: The aim of this study is to determine the effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Dyspnea and Daily Living Activity in the Management of Asthmatic Patients. Design: Randomized, two parallel groups, single-blind, controlled trial with pre and post-assessment Settings and conduct: WAPDA Teaching Hospital Complex, Lahore Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: The age group of 20 to 40 years; Diagnosed with asthma according to the Global Initiative for Asthma criteria; Moderate cases (FEV1=50–79); Well-controlled hypertension or diabetes mellitus if exist; At least 12 months asthma diagnosed by a physician. Exclusion criteria: Pregnancy; Rib Fracture; Risk Of Pneumothorax; Neuromuscular disease; Unstable cardiovascular disease; Musculoskeletal disease; Pneumonectomy; Red flags like fever, night sweats, malaise. Intervention groups: Intervention group: conventional asthmatic rehabilitation program along with inspiratory muscle training. Control group: conventional asthmatic rehabilitation program. Main outcome variables: Functional pulmonary assessment using measurement of exercise capacity; 5 Times Sit to Stand Test for dyspnea; London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale for daily life.

Study aim: The aim of this investigation is to determine the efficacy of coconut oil and moringa oleifera as antimicrobials in the oral cavity in comparison to chlorhexidine. Design: Randomized, parallel group, unblinded clinical trial. Settings and conduct: The participants will be recruited at the dental clinics at Riphah International University over a period of 4 weeks. Each participant will be required to sign a consent form before proceeding with the trial. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Individuals who maintain good oral health will be enrolled in the study. Those with periodontal disease, systemic illnesses or medications that affect periodontal health will be excluded. People with recent history of oral prophylaxis or antibiotic use will also be excluded. Intervention groups: The participants will be divided into 3 different groups, coconut oil (C), moringa oleifera (M) and chlorhexidine (Control). Each participant will be given a unique number. All 3 groups; with 30 participants each, will be sampled for plaque and gingival crevicular fluid from the lingual surface of lower incisors. The collected sample will be placed will be transported to the laboratory for detailed microbiologic analysis. Each group will be given a specially formulated mouthwash according to their allocation. These participants will be instructed to rinse will 15 mL mouthwash twice daily for 14 days. Reminder text messages will be sent twice daily to ensure compliance. Each participant will be sampled again following completion of 2 weeks. The pre-mouthwash microbial results will be compared with the post-mouthwash samples. Main outcome variables: The difference of the pre-mouthwash and post-mouthwash oral microbial species will be compared.

Study aim: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of posture correction and myofascial release on neck pain and disability among e-sports players. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial; a single blinded study Settings and conduct: E-Sports Gaming Arena, Single blinded study (assessors of the study would be kept blind of the treatment group to which the patient will be allocated) Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: 15-30 years, Males only, Moderate intensity neck pain, Neck disability affecting the upper limb functions in performing daily activities of life. Exclusion Criteria: History of any trauma or cervical fracture, History of any surgery within 3 months, History of any vascular or inflammatory disease, History of any neuropathies like neuropraxia, History of any psychiatric problems that would hinder the study. Intervention groups: Group A will get instrumental assisted myofascial soft tissue release in which cervical muscles of the participants will be treated using special instruments to release the tissue resistance. Group B will get postural correction program in which mirror therapy to correct body alignment, standing in correct posture and performing neck holding exercises, stretches of anterior chest muscles and shoulder flattening exercises. Both groups will get Patient education, cervical ROM exercises and neck isometrics (as described in detail in main section of Intervention groups) Main outcome variables: Pain Intensity, Neck disability

Study aim: The aim of the study is to describe the importance of core stability's association with efficient mobility of extremities needs to be included in Rotator Cuff tendinopathy rehabilitation, along with conventional measures. Design: Randomized controlled, single blinded clinical trial. The treatment have either superior, parallel effects to the control group. Single centered Settings and conduct: Water and Power Development Authority Teaching Hospital Complex, physical therapy department. Patients who fulfil the above mentioned criteria were identified by individual physiotherapist and then enrolled in particular study group. Informed written consent was taken by the patients and was randomly allocated by using the lottery method to two groups. The total number of sessions was 12 and duration of the treatment was 4 weeks. The study was single blinded. The assessor was unaware of the treatment given to both groups. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Diagnosed rotator cuff tendinopathy patients. Both genders were included. Age: 25-50 years. Exclusion Criteria: Any deformity of upper, lower extremity and spine. Any surgery of shoulder and spine. Tumor. Trauma and fracture. Cervical Radiculopathy. Intervention groups: Experimental group: therapeutic ultrasound (Frequency: 1.1MHz, Intensity: 1.5 W/cm2 ), stretching and strengthening exercise of cervical and shoulder and Core Stability exercises. Duration: 45-60 minutes, 3 times a week, 3 sets, 10-15 repetitions with 10 seconds hold. Control group: therapeutic ultrasound (Frequency: 1.1MHz, Intensity: 1.5 W/cm2 ), stretching and strengthening exercise of cervical and shoulder. Duration: 45-60 minutes, 3 times a week, 3 sets, 10-15 repetitions with 10 seconds hold. Main outcome variables: Visual analogue scale (VAS) Comparative pain scale chart. Shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) Range of motion

Study aim: To compare the effects of hand arm bimanual intensive therapy with and without action observation training on upper extremity motor functions in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Design: community based, Double blinded, Randomized control trial Settings and conduct: Trial will be conducted at Ghurki Trust teaching hospital, Patients and assessor will be blinded through concealment of assignment. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria:  Spastic hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy diagnosed by Neurophysician.  Aged 5-12 years  Male and female  Mini-mental state examination ≥24  Spasticity of grade ≤2 on Modified Ashworth scale  Gross motor functional classification scale (GMFCS) III-IV  Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) III- IV  Sufficient cooperation and cognitive understanding to participate in the activities.  No sensory impairments.  No history of seizures  Parents able to commit to an intensive therapy program. Exclusion criteria:  Children with visual impairments  Aphasic children  Uncontrolled seizures  Previous orthopedic surgery of upper limb.  Severe spasticity and contractures that requires orthotic management.  BoNT-A injection in the UL within 6 months prior to study entry. Intervention groups: HABIT will be given for total 60 hours, 3 hour a day (1 hour home practice), 5 times per week for 4 weeks. AOT will be carried out for 30 minutes each day, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks. The total number of training sessions was 20 per subject. Main outcome variables: Upper Extremity motor functions was assessed using Abilhand kids and Jebson taylor hand function Test.

Study aim: To determine the effectiveness of routine physical therapy with and without mirror therapy on phantom limb pain and psychosocial adjustment to amputation among prosthetic users. Design: Single Blinded, Parallel Groups, Randomized Controlled Trial Settings and conduct: setting was University of Lahore teaching hospital and study was single blinded Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: • Diagnosed patients with phantom limb pain having unilateral lower extremity limb traumatic amputation. • Age 18-45 years. • Both gender. • Base line score 3 or more on 0-10 NPRS. • Minimal one episode of phantom limb pain reported. • Participant have sufficient cognitive and communication skills. • Prosthetic user. Exclusion Criteria: • Any condition that restrict movement of opposite limb, pain or limited range of motion in intact limb. • Any diagnosed psychological disorder that could restrains the ability to concentrate during therapy. • Patients having residual limb pain. • Infectious and systematic diseases. • Patients having neuropathic pain other than phantom limb pain. • Severe mental disorder, neglect syndrome, visual spatial hemi neglect, confusion, dizziness. Intervention groups: Group-A received Mirror therapy in addition with Routine Physical therapy Group-B received Routine Physical Therapy only Main outcome variables: reduction of pain on NPRS scale and improvement on TAPES scale i.e. Psychosocial Adjustment, Prosthesis Satisfaction, Activity Restriction

Study aim: To find out effects of functional training vs conventional training on posture control and functional mobility in spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy Design: Randomized clinical trial Settings and conduct: Rehab cure Lahore Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Children diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Ages between 4 to 14 years. Children with gross motor functional classification system (GMFCS) level II or lll. Children with no mental retardation.The degree of spasticity according to Modified Ashworth Scale between grade 1 to 3 Exclusion Criteria: Children who had orthopedic surgery or used Botulinum toxin injection. Children with severe visual defect. Children having auditory problems. Children having vestibular issues. Children with severe understanding problems. Parents of children who didn't want to participate in study Intervention groups: Subjects will receive 8 weeks treatment 3 times a week. session will be of 45 mints to 1 hour. Group A will receive conventional training program consist on TENS, hot pack, ROMs, stretching, bridging , balance training, supine to sit exercise, diagonal pattern ex with resistance, lateral walk, step ups, gait training, sit to stand, stair climbing, single leg standing, weight shift, cat position Group B will receive functional training program consist on Gym ball exercises, ex with resistance bands, unilateral pelvic bridging, Bosu ball ex , trampoline jumping, resistance kneeling, Treadmill walk, squats, cycling, cat walk, back walk, stepper ex, stair climbing Main outcome variables: Pediatric Balance scale , Trunk control measurement scale, Five Times Sit to Stand Test, Timed Up and Go

Study aim: To compare the effects of Effects of TMJ exercises on pain, range of motion and functional disability in patient with non-specific neck pain. Design: Parallel group, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial Settings and conduct: OPD Physiotherapy department university of Lahore, Lahore Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria:- age of 18-55 years old, and with primary complaints of NSNP (symptoms lasting for at least 3 months), one of the four signs of TMD (joint sounds, deviation during mouth opening, muscle pain at a minimum of two tender points in the temporalis or masseter muscles and pain during mouth opening), Both male and female patients, Exclusion Criteria:- acute muscle trauma, received physiotherapy during the previous 3 months, unilateral and bilateral upper extremity symptoms, any neurological disorders, Musculoskeletal systemic disease, serious spinal pathology. Intervention groups: All person who came to physiotherapy department OPD, university of Lahore was consider and assess for NSNP. 50 patients were randomly apportioned into 2 groups, 25 patients in each group. Gathering A patient were dealt with routine physiotherapy while Group B patients were treated with jaw activities and routine physiotherapy. Randomization of patients into groups were finished by mean of lottery strategy. Plan of the investigation was single blinded RCT. In which patients was kept blind. Furthermore, in this investigation patients were kept visor. Main outcome variables: • Pain, ROM, Functional Activity

Study aim: To Compare the Effects of Functional Training Program and Conventional Therapy on Postural Control and Functional Mobility in Chronic Stroke Design: A concealed Randomized blinded trial with parallel groups, 12 patients, enrolled between November 2019 to march 2020 and followed 6 months. Randomization was done using lottery method. Settings and conduct: Qureshi hospital sahiwal Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Confirmed infarct or hemorrhage by a neurologist using either MRI or CT scan; Patient who was able to follow verbal or demonstrated instruction & direction; Both genders; Patient who was not able to walk independently; Aged 30 – 65 years; Patient after 6 months of stroke. Exclusion criteria: Unstable Cardiovascular conditions, any lower limb musckuloskeletal condition or neurological condition other than stroke that influence posture. 3. Patients with communication barrier and cognitive impairment. 4. Any diagnosed psychological problem. 5. Unable to keep any(Sitting or Standing) position for 30 Second Intervention groups: Group a: functional training program therapy is applied for postural control and functional mobility for 8 week 3 times per week for 60 min in a day. Group b :conventional treatment (PROM AAROM AROM) applied for 8 weeks 3 times per week for 60 min in a day. Main outcome variables: berg balance scale , time up and go test, 6 min walk test , trunk control measurement scale

Study aim: The aim of this study is to determine the effects of balance training exercises for improving static and dynamic balance on the deaf population Design: double blinding, randomized control trial with parallel group design of 30 patients Settings and conduct: The participants will be chosen from Special education school, Milat town Faisalabad. Double blinding in which participants and assessor both will be blinded. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Congenitally Deaf children, Aged between 6 and 11 years, With profound hearing impairment, Without cochlear implantation, Ability to understand simple instructions, Ability to stand and walk independently. exclusion criteria: Mental illness, Visual impairment, Cognitive impairment, Physical impairment, Neurological condition, Cardiovascular conditions Intervention groups: The subjects will be divided into two groups randomly by chit and draw method: control group and training group. Group A will be training group (n=15) followed the balance training exercises for 4 weeks and group B will be control group (n=15) carried out its daily activities normally as usual. Main outcome variables: our primary outcome will be to maintain the balance of subjects as much as they can do by performing exercises.

Study aim: To compare the effects of McKenzie Extension Exercises versus Mulligan Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides on Pain, Range of motion and Functional Disability in patients with Acute Non-Specific Low Back Pain Design: Parallel group, double blinded, randomized controlled trial Settings and conduct: The study would be double blinded as participants and assessors of the study would be kept blind of the treatment group and will be done at Physiotherapy Department Gosh-e-Shifa Hospital Gulshan Ravi, Lahore. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: inclusion criteria: A patient with history of acute non specific Low Back Pain, Patients of both Gender, Age range 20-50 Years and only Married people will include in study. Exclusion criteria: Any neurological symptoms, Any pathology of spine like Spondylosis, Spondylolisthesis, Patients with other comorbidity such as systemic disorders, Patients with sociopsychatric disorders and Pregnancy. Intervention groups: Randomly, treatment will be assigned to patients in this study In Group 1 participants will receive routine physical therapy (10 minutes hot pack, 5 minutes TENS, 5 minutes soft tissue massage) along with McKenzie Extension Exercises in prone position with repeated movements. Patient will have 5 repetitions of every set of exercise with 20 seconds of pause in per session. In group 2 participants will receive same routine physical therapy along with Mulligan’s SNAGs in sitting and prone position by applying antereo cranial glide in the direction of treatment plane over the spinous process at 8 repetitions per session. Main outcome variables: pain, range and functional disability

Study aim: To determine the effects of Active Release Technique and Active Isolated Stretching on the muscles of upper cross syndrome Design: two groups,single blinded randomized controlled trial Settings and conduct: SETTING The study will be conducted in Max rehab and other physiotherapy clinic Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria • Patients from both genders • patients of age 20 to 40 . • patients with a score of 4 or more on numerical pain rating scale (NPRS). • Cranio-vertebral angle measured less than or equal to 50 degree. Exclusion Criteria Patients were excluded if they exhibited; • any inflammatory arthritis including Rheumatoid arthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis, • cervical spine surgery, • cervical spine trauma, • cervical spine instability Intervention groups: Group A: active release technique Group B: active Isolated Stretching Main outcome variables: Muscle length measurement, Forward head posture, Function, Range of Motion

Study aim: To asses whether Amplitude, velocity and latency period of Proximal part of Medial Branch of Superficial Radial Nerve can be utilized clinically for diagnosis of cheiralgia paresthetica or not? Design: Parallel group, double blind, randomised controlled trial Settings and conduct: Out patient department (OPD) of PM&R Deparment of Combined Military Hospital Multan. Patients, Investigators, data entry staff, analyzers and statistician were blinded. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Intervention Group: All individuals with symptoms of peripheral neuropathy of superficial radial nerve. Control Group: All individuals without symptoms of peripheral neuropathy of superficial radial nerve. Exclusion criteria All individuals with history of stroke, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, brachial plexus plexopathy, cervical radiculopathy, spinal cord injury. Intervention groups: Nerve conduction study (NCS) of proximal part of medial branch of superficial radial nerve of intervention and control group and calculating: 1. Amplitude of Sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) 2. Latency of Nerve Action Potential 3. Velocity of Nerve Action Potential Main outcome variables: Amplitude, Velocity and Latency period of Sensory Nerve Action Potential (SNAP)