Study aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of curcumin gel and naproxen gel in the treatment of cervical myofascial pain syndrome (CMPS). Design: Pragmatic, community based, parallel group, double blinded, randomized controlled trial. Total 105 patients will be enrolled. Patients who met our inclusion criteria will be randomized into two groups. Settings and conduct: Muhammad Rehabilitation Centre, Multan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: All ages diagnosed with cervical myofascial pain syndrome Moderate to severe pain, No contraindications to curcumin or naproxen.Exclusion Criteria: Pregnancy, lactation, severe cervical spine pathology, history of drug allergy, and prior treatment with corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory medications within four weeks. Intervention groups: Intervention Protocol: Group A: The respective gel (curcumin ) will be applied topically over the affected area at a dose of 2 grams., A therapeutic ultrasound device operating at 1 MHz frequency and 1.5 W/cm² intensity was used.Ultrasound will be applied for 10 minutes in a circular motion over the gel to enhance transdermal drug delivery.Treatments will be administered once daily for four weeks. Group B: The respective gel (naproxen) will be applied topically over the affected area at a dose of 2 grams., A therapeutic ultrasound device operating at 1 MHz frequency and 1.5 W/cm² intensity was used.Ultrasound will be applied for 10 minutes in a circular motion over the gel to enhance transdermal drug delivery.Treatments will be administered once daily for four weeks. Main outcome variables: Pain (NPRS), Cervical ROM (goniometry), Muscle tenderness (Pressure pain threshold scale), Quality of life (SF-36), Functional Status ( McGill Questionnaire), ESR, CRP, IL-6

Study aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of fish oil supplementation and strengthening exercises on pain relief, joint function, inflammation, and overall quality of life in individuals with osteoarthritis. Design: Pragmatic, community based, parallel group, double blinded, randomized controlled trial. Total 95 patients will be enrolled. Patients who met our inclusion criteria will be randomized into three groups. Settings and conduct: Muhammad physical therapy clinic and rehabilitation center, Multan. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Clinically diagnosed knee OA (Grade II–III, based on the Kellgren-Lawrence scale),moderate pain severity (VAS score 4–6 at baseline),able to perform exercises and follow instructions. Exclusion criteria: Severe OA requiring surgery, allergies to fish oil or vegetarian individuals unwilling to consume fish products, current use of omega-3 supplements or structured physical therapy for OA,significant comorbid conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, uncontrolled diabetes, cardiovascular diseases). Intervention groups: Group 1: Fish oil supplementation ( 1,000 mg fish oil capsule taken twice daily for 12 weeks.) Group 2:Strengthening exercises (Isometric Contractions: Static quadriceps contraction held for 5–10 seconds, repeated 10–15 times per session. Isotonic Strengthening exercise: Partial squats and leg raises with incremental resistance over time) Group 3:Combined intervention (Fish oil + Strengthening exercises) Main outcome variables: Knee X rays; Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scale; Numeric Pain Rating Scale; Pain Catastrophizing Scale; Knee Range of Motion (goniometry); Knee injury outcome (KOOS); Muscle strength (dynamometer); Quality of life (SF-36); C-reactive protein; Interleukin-6

Study aim: The study aims to evaluate the comparative effects of undenatured collagen type 2 supplementation, knee strengthening exercise program, on reducing pain and improving joint function in patients with osteoarthritis and degenerative changes. Design: Pragmatic, community based, parallel group, double blinded, randomized controlled trial. Total 377 patients will be enrolled. Patients who met our inclusion criteria will be randomized into three groups. Settings and conduct: Muhammad physical therapy clinic and rehabilitation center, Multan. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Adults aged between 35–65 years with mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis, knee pain for at least 3 months, able to perform physical activity and follow an exercise regimen, not taking any other osteoarthritis-related medications Exclusion Criteria: Presence of other types of arthritis, history of knee surgery or any intra-articular injections in the past 6 months, currently using immunosuppressive therapy , serious systemic diseases Pregnancy, breastfeeding, known allergy or intolerance to collagen supplements or any ingredients in the intervention product. Intervention groups: Group 1: Will receive 40 mg/day of undenatured collagen type II supplementation. Group 2: Will be given a standardized knee-strengthening exercise program [specify duration and frequency, e.g., three times per week for 45 minutes]. Group 3: Will recieve UC-II supplementation and participated in the knee-strengthening exercise program.. Main outcome variables: Knee X rays; Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scale; Numeric Pain Rating Scale; Pain Catastrophizing Scale; Knee Range of Motion (goniometry); Knee injury outcome (KOOS); Muscle strength (dynamometer); Quality of life (SF-36); C-reactive protein; Interleukin-6

Study aim: The primary aim of this study is to compare the effects of lipid-lowering drugs and a 10-week resistance band training program on lipid profiles, body composition, and overall health outcomes in obese patients with elevated cholesterol levels. Design: Pragmatic, community based, parallel group, double blinded, randomized controlled trial. Total 380 patients will be enrolled. Settings and conduct: Muhammad physical therapy clinic and rehabilitation center, Multan. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria • Adults aged 18-65 years • Diagnosed with dyslipidemia, defined as elevated levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol or triglycerides , or low HDL cholesterol • Able and willing to adhere to either drug therapy or a structured exercise program Exclusion Criteria • History of cardiovascular diseases • Uncontrolled hypertension • Recent history of smoking or current tobacco use • Conditions contraindicating exercise • Current use of lipid-lowering drugs or recent participation in a structured exercise program • Pregnant or lactating women Intervention groups: Group A: Will receive e.g., Rosuvastatin 5mg administered orally once daily. Group B: Participants in the exercise intervention group will undergo a structured resistance training program, tailored to individual fitness levels and conducted under the supervision of a certified exercise trainer. The exercise regimen will include a 5-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of resistance training (including chest press, seated row, shoulder press, biceps curl, squats, deadlift, wood chopper, Russian twists), followed by a 5-minute cool-down. Training sessions will be held three times a week for 12 weeks Main outcome variables: Lipid profile parameters (total cholesterol, low density lipids, high density lipids, and triglycerides) will be measured at three time points: baseline, 5 weeks, and 10 weeks.

Study aim: This study aims to ascertain if the combination of herbal medicine (Ashwagandha, sesame, and rosemary) and therapeutic (Ultrasound therapy) interventions provides a comparative effect, alleviating and managing back pain, improving muscle function, promoting recovery and improving overall mobility in patients with MPS and to compare the effectiveness of Ashwagandha, sesame, and rosemary oils versus Diclofenac gel, both combined with therapeutic ultrasound, in managing back myofascial pain. Design: Pragmatic, community based, parallel group, double blinded, randomized controlled trial. Total 110 patients will be enrolled. Patients who met our inclusion criteria will be randomized into two groups. Settings and conduct: Muhammad Rehabilitation Centre, Multan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: • Chronic or subacute myofascial back pain persisting for at least 4 weeks. • Pain score ≥4 on the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). • Willingness to undergo ultrasound therapy and use the prescribed gel. Exclusion Criteria: • Dermatological issues or open wounds on the back. • Known allergies to any components of the gels. • Use of systemic corticosteroids or analgesics. • Severe musculoskeletal conditions or neurological disorders. Intervention groups: Group 1: ASR Gel Group: The ASR gel will be applied to the affected area, followed by 10 minutes of ultrasound therapy using a 1 MHz ultrasound device set to 1 W/cm² in continuous mode. Group 2: Diclofenac Gel Group: Diclofenac gel will be applied in a similar manner, followed by identical ultrasound therapy parameters. Both groups received treatment 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Main outcome variables: Pain (NPRS), Cervical ROM (goniometry), Muscle tenderness (Pressure pain threshold scale), Quality of life (SF-36), Functional Status ( McGill Questionnaire), ESR, CRP, IL-6

Study aim: The study aim is to evaluate which technique proved to be more effective Muscle energy technique or soft tissue technique to relieve Tension headache among medical students Design: A randomized clinical trial with two parallel groups, a single blinded study with 10 patients in each group. Settings and conduct: The study is conducted in Faisalabad on students who are studying in The University of Faisalabad, Govt College University Faisalabad. Study is single blinded; subjects are blinded in the study. Twenty subjects are divided in two groups containing 10 participants in each. Participants in group A received Muscle Energy Technique (PIR) 5 reps 3 sets with 10 seconds hold while Group B received Soft Tissue Technique (kneading in which Skin and soft tissues move in circular pattern, tissues are slowly lifted, rolled and squeezed). Both interventions were given 10-15 minutes per day for 20 days Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Subjects of age 18-40 were selected. Both male and female subjects were selected. Subjects having tension headache that bilaterally located last from 30 min not associated with nausea or vomiting were selected. Exclusion Criteria: Subjects with any malignancy of cervical, upper limb and spine were excluded. Subjects with history of epilepsy, panic attacks were excluded. Subjects having collar on cervical region were excluded. Intervention groups: Subjects are divided in two groups containing 10 participants in each. Participants in group A received Muscle Energy Technique. Group B received Soft Tissue Technique. Main outcome variables: Pain, Impact of headache, disability

, Satellite Town Sargodha, Pakistan. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: INCLUSION CRITERIA: Both

Pakistan Sports Board, Lahore. The study population will be consisted of patients with non specific pain

Study aim: To compare the effects of modified Otago exercises and Vestibular rehabilitation therapy on balance, postural stability, and risk of fall in sub-acute stroke. Design: Randomized Clinical Trial, a single blinded study, sample size 42, computer generated randomization Settings and conduct: Data is being collected from General Hospital, Lahore. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Diagnosed cases of ischemic stroke. Age between 40-70 years Both males and females. Stroke with unilateral hemiplegia in less than 6 months. Participants are able to walk 10 meters with or without assistive device. Participants should be able to understand and follow simple verbal instructions, Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE ≥24). Exclusion criteria: Participants with spasticity (modified Ashworth scale grade ≥3) or flaccidity in lower limbs and upper limbs. Individuals suffering from unstable angina, symptomatic heart failure or uncontrolled hypertension. Balance or gait impairments prior to the stroke. Visual field defects Severe unilateral spatial neglect. Neurological and orthopedic comorbidities like significant osteoarthritis, particularly in the lower limbs. Intervention groups: Group A will be treated by Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy (25 minutes) and Conventional physical therapy (30 minutes). Group B will be treated by Modified Otago Exercises (25 minutes) and Conventional physical therapy (30 minutes). Main outcome variables: Balance, postural stability and risk of fall.

Study aim: To compare the effects of calisthenic exercises and sensory-motor training on pain, range of motion, balance and functional disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Design: Randomized clinical trial, single blinded study, two parallel groups with 108 patients from Gosha e Shifa and Riaz Mansoor trust hospital. Settings and conduct: Gosha-e-Shifa trust hospital and Riaz Mansoor trust hospital. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria Both male and female patients Age 40 to 65 years Exclusion criteria Patients with any systemic disease Patients who had any neurologic deficit Patients with any mental illness Intervention groups: Group A: Calisthenic exercises will be given to group A. Group B: Sensory-motor training will be given to group B. Main outcome variables: Pain, range of motion, balance and functional disability

and conduct: The study will be conducted at Pakistan Ordinance Factories (POFs) Hospital and Wah (...) ) Rawalpindi Pakistan, Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Pakistani

Study aim: To compare the effectiveness of Cervical-Thoracic Spine Stabilization Exercises and Dynamic Cervical Exercises in reducing pain intensity and improving functional disability among patients with cervical spondylosis. Design: Single-centre, single-blind, parallel-group quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study with 40 participants. Allocation was based on clinical availability. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, two weeks, and four weeks. Settings and conduct: The study was conducted at the Department of Physiotherapy, DHQ Hospital, Okara, after ethical approval (Ref No. LIMIT/DPT/2025/15). Written informed consent was obtained. Participants were allocated by an independent researcher, and the outcome assessor was blinded to group allocation. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Forty adults (30–55 years) with radiologically confirmed cervical spondylosis, chronic neck pain (>3 months), and mild-to-moderate disability were included. Patients with cervical surgery, trauma, radiculopathy, myelopathy, other major musculoskeletal disorders, pregnancy, or lactation were excluded. Intervention groups: All participants received conventional physiotherapy consisting of a 15-minute hot pack and cervical stretching exercises before the exercise intervention. Group A received Cervical-Thoracic Spine Stabilization Exercises, while Group B received Dynamic Cervical Exercises. Both interventions were supervised, performed five days per week for four weeks, with three sets of ten repetitions per session and progression according to patient tolerance. Main outcome variables: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI)

Study aim: our study aims to compare the patients pre-treated with oral duloxetine planned for elective modified radical mastectomy to placebo for quality of recovery, pain scores and reduced rescue analgesia requirements post-operatively. Design: Quasi-experimental comparative study Settings and conduct: Department of Anesthesia, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi for at least 3 months or till completion of minimum sample size Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: INCLUSION CRITERIA: • Will include all ASA II and III female patients aged 18-60 years of age, diagnosed with non-metastatic breast cancer planned for an elective modified radical mastectomy and referred to the anesthesia clinic for pre-anesthesia assessment EXCLUSION CRITERIA: • Will include patients with metastatic disease, already on anti-depressants or anti-psychotic treatment, patients with severe depression, patients with debilitating hypertension and/or uncontrolled diabetes. Intervention groups: They will be divided into Group A (n=40) to receive oral duloxetine and Group B (n=40) to receive placebo tablet not containing any active drug but used to ensure blinding and prevent bias. Main outcome variables: After the surgical procedure, patients will be kept in the high dependency unit (HDU) for observation. Primary variable would be patient recovery assessed at 3,6,12 and 24 hours after the procedure using the QoR-40 scoring system which will include assessment of patient support, comfort, emotions, physical independence, and pain with a total score ranging from 40-200 with higher scores associated with better patient recovery. Secondary variables will be pain scores assessed using 10-point Visual Analog Scale (VAS) assessed at 3,6,12 and 24 hours post-surgery and total dose of IV Morphine used in 24 hours as rescue analgesia once pain scores will be above 6 on the VAS.

of Anesthesia, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion

Study aim: To evaluate effects of upper thoracic spine mobilization with mobility exercises and upper cervical spine mobilization with stabilization exercises in reducing pain, improving cervical ROM and function in treating patients with mechanical neck pain. Design: Single Blinded Randomized Clinical Design Settings and conduct: Faisal Hospital Faisalabad Mujahid Hospital Faisalabad Bin Inam Physical Therapy & Chiropractic Rehab Clinic Faisalabad Pro Health Wellness Center Faisalabad Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: • Male and female both genders • Age ranging from 20-40 years • Primary complaint of neck pain from past 12 weeks • Pain rating of more than 2 on NPRS • Reduced cervical ROM in extension, rotation and side bending • Neck Disability Index score of 20% or more i.e. 10 points or more on 0 to 50 scale Exclusion Criteria: • Previous history of trauma or surgery to cervical or thoracic spine, whiplash injury • Presence of neurological deficits • Presence of bilateral upper extremity symptoms • Cervical myelopathy or nerve root pathology • Patients with positive Lhermitte’s sign • Vascular diseases of head and neck • Presence of any red flags e.g. fracture, tumor • Any symptoms of CNS involvement • Patients with psychological disorders or those who can’t comprehend given instructions. Intervention groups: Treatment will be provided for 2 times a week for 4 weeks for both groups. Group A will perform upper thoracic mobilization and mobility exercise. Main outcome variables: Numerical Pain Rating Scale Universal Goniometer Neck Disability Index

Pakistan Sports Board, Lahore. Outcome assessor will be blinded to treatment groups Participants/Inclusion

Study aim: To compare the immediate effects of diaphragmatic breathing (DB) and pursed lip breathing exercise (PLBE) on blood pressure, pulse rate and oxygen saturation in hypertensive people Design: Community based, parallel group design, single blinded, randomized clinical trial Settings and conduct: Settings: Government girls high school Arriyan and Punjab workers welfare fund office, Lahore. Conduct: Trial will be completed in a period of 5 months by three physiotherapists. Single blinded study with blinding of outcome measure assessor who will be called from other place to record outcome measures without knowing about patient's group. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion: Patients with hypertension (stage 1 and stage 2) with Systolic Blood Pressure ≥ 140mmHg and Diastolic Blood Pressure ≥ 90 mmHg will be recruited. ✓ 40 to 60 years of age people will be included. ✓ Both males and females. ✓ Patients either who would have taken any anti hypertensive medicines ( ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, ACE receptor inhibitors, beta blockers) at least 6 hours ago or no medicine at all to be certain that results are purely because of mentioned techniques. Exclusion: Participants who are unwilling to participate. Patients who are critically terminally ill e.g. patients with mental illness, psychosocial factors, cancer, infectious diseases, and comatose patients. Intervention groups: There will be 2 groups 1 will receive PLBE and other will receive DBE. For PLBE, patients will be asked to inhale through nose with mouth closed for 2 seconds and then exhale with pursed lips for four seconds. DBE group will be asked to assume a relaxed position with back and head supported. Start with breathing in slowly through the nose such as abdomen is filling first and then exhale slowly through the mouth. Main outcome variables: Blood Pressure, Oxygen saturation, Pulse Rate.

Study aim: The aim of this study is to compare the effect of spinal manipulation therapy, general exercise therapy and motor control exercises in chronic low back pain patients. Design: Randomize control clinical trial, three parallel groups with single blinded study Settings and conduct: Sample size is 36. Randomized clinical trial will be conducted and the data will be collected from Kannan physiotherapy and spinal clinic,Lahore. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: INCLUSION CRITERIA:Non-specific low back pain for at least 3 months,Age between 18 and 35 years EXCLUSION CRITERIA:Neurological signs, Specific spinal pathology ,Back surgery. Serious low back pathology Intervention groups: Three interventional groups named as general exercises, motor control exercises and spinal manipulation therapy are formed. First two groups participants will attend eight sessions of one hour, twice a week, for four weeks.The first group class will be modeled on the ‘Back to Fitness’ program described by(Klaber Moffett and Frost, 2000). The classes will start with Warm-up and Stretching. After about seven to ten minutes, stretching exercises are started then Warm-down and Relaxation. Secong group will be teached how to contract the transversus abdominis and multifidus muscles in isolation from the more superficial trunk muscles, but in conjunction with the pelvic floor muscles. Spinal manipulative group participants will be given joint mobilization or manipulation techniques applying to the lumber spine (Maitland et al.,2001). Participants in this group will not get exercises or a home exercise program, and they will get advice to avoid pain-aggravating activities. Manipulative therapy will discontinue if the participant completely recover before the 8 sessions are complete. Main outcome variables: Two primary outcomes. • Function •Pain.

Study aim: Comparison of Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of active isolated stretching, myofascial release and olive oil phonophoresis in exercise induced muscle damage Design: The current study investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of myofascial release (MFR), Active isolated stretching (AIS) and Olive oil phonophoresis protocol versus control over a period of seven days in experimentally induced muscle soreness. The study design was a single blinded, 4 X 2 X 9 factorial design with repeated measures, the three factors were intervention (s), limb (s) and time. The repeated measures involved the time factor Settings and conduct: The study was carried out in Healthy, untrained and sedentary college/university students age ranging between 18-30 years without any upper arm injury or musculoskeletal disease at university of Sargodha. After screening, Randomization was carried out by stratified block randomization scheme. The subjects was allocated to one of the interventional group or control group. The outcome measures was recorded by a trained physical therapist of the department who was blinded about treatment and time status. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Healthy, untrained and sedentary adults age ranging between 18-30 years, without any upper arm injury or musculoskeletal disease Intervention groups: The study constitutes Active isolated stretching , Myofacial release, olive oil Phonophoresis, and a control group. We had used limb to limb comparison model in each group, randomly one limb was allocated to prophylactic intervention limb (PIL) and the other to therapeutic intervention limb (TIL) Main outcome variables: 1. Muscle pain intensity by VAS 2 Muscle Soreness Score by VAS 3. Pain pressure Threshold by Algometer 4. Passive Range of motion by univeral goniometer 5.Grip strength by dynamometer

Study aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the short- and long-term effects on the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) of axillary nerve block (ANB) and intra-articular injection (IAI) vs suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) guided by ultrasonography as well as to find out how they affect the patients' quality of life who have AC. Design: A Randomized Control Trial (RCT) with two group interventions, each group have 40 participants. Settings and conduct: Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore. Participants and data collector will be blinded. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: 6.1 Inclusion Criteria: • Stage 2-3 AC unilateral • No shoulder injuries in the previous three months • Absence of shoulder injections • Absence of bleeding disorders • no prior history of cancer • absence of inflammatory illness history • Ages Eligible for Study: 30 Years to 70 Years (Adult, Older Adult) • Sexes Eligible for Study: All 6.2 Exlusion Criteria: • Malignancy • Inflammatory disease Intervention groups: Participants will be randomly assigned to two treatment groups: suprascapular and axillary nerve blocks or intra-articular shoulder injection. The nerve block group receives ultrasound-guided blocks with a 10 mL solution of 40 mg Prednisolone, 0.125% bupivacaine, and 0.125% lidocaine. Group II receives an intra-articular injection into the glenohumeral joint, also guided by ultrasound, using a similar anesthetic and corticosteroid mix for pain relief. Main outcome variables: Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), Pain, Range of Motion ROM, assessing quality of life.

Study aim: To find the effectiveness of facilitated electric stimulation of two alternating patterns (abdominals cross hamstrings and lower back muscles cross quadriceps) on lower extremity in stroke patients. Design: Randomized Clinical Trial Settings and conduct: Allied hospital Faisalabad, Sahil hospital Faisalabad, Aziz Fatima hospital Faisalabad, Maqsooda Zia hospital Faisalabad Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: 24 hemiplegic stroke patients 6 months post stroke aging between forty five to sixty years old Inclusion criteria • All men and women • Hemiplegic stroke patients • Age between forty five to sixty years old • Patient with static and dynamic sitting balance • Patients with static standing balance Exclusion criteria • All patients had imaging tests to rule out their diagnosis for stroke during the acute stage. • People who frequently have strokes. • Patients with peripheral or orthopedic neuropathy, substantial vision field defects, or hemi neglect issues were not included. • Poorly controlled epilepsy • Pregnancy • Heart pacemaker. • Patients with malignant tumors • Exposed metal • Suspected, recognized, or uncontrolled cardiovascular conditions • Neurological problems other than ischemic brain injury or hemorrhage that can result in hemiplegic stroke. Fracture Intervention groups: Group A Abdominals cross Hamstrings and additional exercises 3 days per week with 30 minutes. Additional exercises will include lower limb joint mobilizations, stretching of lower extremity, and ROMS. Group B Lower back cross Quads and additional exercises 3 days per week with 30 minutes stimulation each session. Additional exercises will include ,lower limb joint mobilizations (including hips, knees, ankles and feet) stretching of lower extremity, and ROMS. Main outcome variables: Pelvic tilt, Functional gait analysis, modified Ashworth scale, ranges of motion and cadence

current study was multi-centered study that included centers of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Allied

Study aim: Evaluate the effects of muscle energy technique and strain counterstrain on pain, cadance, stride length, ankle dorsiflexion and planterflexion of fast bowlers with gastrocemius trigger points. Design: Randomized clinical trial, Non-probability simple random sampling technique was used in this study. Settings and conduct: Saeed Ajmal International Cricket Academy Borannwalla Ground Jinnah Bagh Faisalabad Jawad Sports and Cultural Complex Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria • Fast bowlers willing to participate in the age group of 20-30 years • Fast bowlers having at least one hypersensitive tender nodule within a palpable taut band in the gastrocnemius muscle • Fast bowlers having ankle dorsiflexion range of motion less than 20 degrees • Pain intensity of more than 4 on numeric pain rating scale • Subjects running for 3 days per week for more than 6-months will be recruited Exclusion Criteria • Participants having Fibromyalgia syndrome • Congenital deformity of the foot and ankle • Tumors of the lower back and lower limb • Lower limb fractures • Diabetic neuropathy • Peripheral vascular disease • 3-month recent injuries to legs, foot or ankle will be excluded from the study Intervention groups: Patients were divided into two group i.e., group A (muscle energy technique group) and group B (strain counterstrain group). Main outcome variables: Pain Cadence Stride length Ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion Sprinting

randomized clinical trial was conducted at a school sports complex in Gujranwala, Pakistan (June–September

Study aim: The aim of the study is to assess how well pain, functional capacity, pain centralization and fear of movement may be improved by integrating pain neuroscience education with motor control exercises. Design: In order to assess the benefits of bio-psychomotor rehabilitation that incorporates pain neuroscience education and motor control training to McKenzie treatments in patients having lumbar radiculopathy, this study carries out as a forward-looking, single-blind, equal groups randomized clinical experiment. Settings and conduct: The study subjects will be evaluated at ABWA Hospital Khurrianwala, Prime Care Hospital, Fast Care Hospital and Faisal Hospital Faisalabad. This study is a single blinded study in which participants will be blinded and they will not be informed about their group allocation or which intervention is considered experimental or comparator. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Patients with age between 28-50 years, clinically diagnosed patients with lumbar radiculopathy and both males and females are included in this study. Participants who have a confirmed disc herniation between L4-S1 levels through MRI, have pain for at least 3 months and have a positive SLR between 40 and 70 degrees are included. Patients with fracture, trauma, inflammatory disorder, lumbar instability, scoliosis, patients with RA and other systemic diseases are excluded. Intervention groups: Group A will receive Pain Neuroscience Education and Motor Control Training. Group B will receive McKenzie Therapy. Main outcome variables: Numeric Pain Rating Scale to measure pain intensity Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire to measure disability Tampa Scale of Kinesiopjobia to measure fear of movement Michigan Body Map for centralization of symptoms.