Study aim: This study will be investigating the effects of Position release therapy (PRT) and Reciprocal Inhibition of METS in soccer players experiencing pain and discomfort condition. The reason for choosing this theme was basically to find out the appropriate therapeutic techniques by comparing therapy results with other techniques. Design: RCT Settings and conduct:  United Hospital Faisalabad  Physio Treats Physical Therapy and rehabilitation center  In Motion Physical therapy and Rehab Centre  Pro Health and Rehab Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria  Participants of age 18-40 were included  Male athletes were included  Pain in the buttock  Pain up to rank 3 on NPRS  Positive FABER and FAIR test  Positive Sciatic nerve tension test  Onset of pain 24-72 hours after provocative activity  Tenderness over the piriformis muscle  Patients who are willing to sign the consent form  Patient must be soccer player at least from 1 year Exclusion Criteria  Any known vascular condition  Diagnosed / known psychiatric illness  Positive SIJ dysfunction criteria  Positive tests for LBP  Deformity of the hip joint  Lumbar Disc Herniation  Spinal stenosis  Peripheral neuropathy  Systemic diseases e.g, hyper/hypotension, diabetes and hypo/hyperthyroidism  Individual consuming recreational drugs  Chain kinematic disturbance of whole limb  Degenerative condition  Any history of hip trauma or accident (6 months)  Burn/scar  Steroidal injection to hip joint  Diagnosed tumor  Myofascial pain syndrome Intervention groups: Group A Reciprocal Inhibition Group B Position Release Therapy Main outcome variables:  Pain  Hip ROM  Strength

Study aim: To evaluate and compare the effects of self-myofascial release and Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization on pain, hamstrings tightness and functional disability. Design: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with two parallel groups, a single blinded study of third phase with 17 patients in each group that are 34 in total. Settings and conduct: Allied Hospital Faisalabad and Madinah Teachning Teaching Hospital. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Individuals diagnosed with non-specific lower back pain Individuals with hamstring tightness Subjects who voluntarily participated in the study Who had greater than 20 degrees knee extension lag while performing Active Knee Extension Test 27-46 years of age, male and female subjects. Exclusion Criteria: Individuals who had any previous lumbar spine surgeries Subjects who had any radiating pain or neurological deficit Subjects who had spine tumors, Ankylosing Spondylitis, or Spondylolisthesis With any any systemic illnesses, such as TB or spine infection Intervention groups: Group A Patients in this group performed self-myofascial release on hamstrings bilaterally using a tennis ball for 4 minutes, 2 minutes per leg. Hot pack was applied for 15 minutes as a baseline treatment in both groups. Group B Patients in this group had bilateral soft tissue mobilization of the hamstring muscles using the GT number 1 Graston device. each participant received 30 repititions for 60 seconds of Graston instrument technique from the gluteal line to the popliteal fossa Main outcome variables: • Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS): For pain assessment • Active Knee Extension Test (AKET): For hamstring tightness • Oswestry Disability Index (ODI): For functional disability

Study aim: This study will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of upper limb Resistance exercises (aerobic capacity, strength and quality of life among COPD patients) Design: A Randomized Controlled Trial will be conducted. Informed consent will be taken from patients by informing the aims and objectives of the study. Then patients will be selected on the basis of convenient sampling technique that will be randomized through the lottery method. Settings and conduct: Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan Hospital and General Hospital, Faisalabad. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion:  Age of patients taken is 25-55 years  Patients of both genders  Individuals with stable COPD(Chronic bronchitis, Emphysema, asthma) being monitored by pulmonologist Exclusion: • MSK (frozen shoulder, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, , traumatic fractures, amputation) • Cardiac issues • Surgery (Thoracic surgery, CABG) • Cognitively impaired dementia Peripheral oxygen saturation <90% during 6 min. walk test. Intervention groups: The control group will warm-up with slow walking, deep breathing and arm circles for 5-15 minutes. Aerobic exercise and inspiratory muscle training will be performed for 5-15 minutes, involving three sets with 10 repititions and a rest interval of 1-2 minute with threshold strength instruments. At the end of session stretching will be performed for 5-10 minutes. The treatment group will perform the same physical exercises routine as the control group, with additional upper limb resistance exercise in three sets with 10 repititions with rest interval of 1-2 minutes between each sets which will be followed by message therapy Main outcome variables: • Modified Borg Scale • Stethoscope • 6 min. walk test • QoL questionnaire • Dynamometer

Study aim: The aim of this study is to associate the effects of the ELDOA versus the (PFS) Post Facilitation Stretching technique to treat symptoms of Quadratus lumborum tightness affecting functional performance in (NSLBP) non-specific LBP patients. Design: A Randomized Clinical Trials (Quantitative Study) Settings and conduct: Participants of LBP were selected from the Outdoor Patient Department of Madina Teaching Hospital Faisalabad and Allied Hospital Faisalabad. It was of 4 months duration for the study to be completed after the approval of the synopsis. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria • 18 to 35 years adult • Both males and females • Study participants who are willing to take part • Participants having 3 to 7 scores on NPRS • No recent surgery in the past six months Exclusion criteria • No leg symptoms in the last week • Any Neurological disorders • Patients who have undergone back, pelvis, hip, or knee surgery within the preceding six months, as well as those with any history of lower limb fractures • Pregnancy (All trimesters) • Any medical condition contraindicatory to physical activity Intervention groups: Participants were screened through the selection criteria and were recruited into the study. The patients signed informed consent forms subsequent to subjects, which were randomly allocated into different groups. The participants were separated into two groups, both of which were part of the experimental condition, and depending upon the group allocation, the treatment plan's sequence and scheduled period were provided to the patients. Measurements were taken at baseline before treatment protocol and after the treatment performed at the end of 2nd week. There were three sessions per week for two weeks, i.e. six sessions. Main outcome variables: • Pain, ROM, Tightness, Disability

Study aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of Kinetic Control Training (KCT) compared with standard physiotherapy Design: Randomized controlled trial (RCT) Settings and conduct: Gilani Physio and Joint Care, Model Town, Lahore, Pakistan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion: 1. Male taxi

, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Eligible patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either (...) : Faisalabad Country: Pakistan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Adults aged

Lahore,Pakistan. Patients will be recruited from the surgical OPD coming for elective Peri-Anal

Study aim: To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the adapted Bounce Back intervention among school children aged 8-11 years in Pakistan , including recruitment, attendance, retention, and (...) , Pakistan. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Had experienced one or more potentially traumatic

Study aim: To compare the effects of Gongs Mobilization and Maitland Mobilization on pain, shoulder range of motion (ROM) and shoulder function in patients with frozen shoulder. Design: Single Blinded Randomized Control Trial Settings and conduct: Main Medical DayCare Center Clinic Lahore, Mid City Hospital Lahore, Omar hospital Lahore. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria • Individuals voluntarily wanting to sign consent form • Both genders • Age group between 40-60 • Individuals diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis • Individual with restricted capsular pattern of shoulder joint (flexion, external rotation, abduction, and internal rotation) Exclusion Criteria Participants were not included in this research if they had anyone of the following symptoms: • Systemic disorder. • Acute inflammation around the shoulder joint • Neurological ailments • Recent fracture around the shoulder girdle • Shoulder displacement • Skin problem • Surgery around the shoulder joint Intervention groups: Group 1 received Gongs Mobilization technique and group 2 received Maitland Mobilization. Baseline treatment of moist hot pack from hydro collator at 55 degrees was provided to both groups for 10 minutes on the affected shoulder. Treatment was provided for 5 sessions on consecutive week days for 2 weeks. Main outcome variables: Visual Analogue Scale, Universal Goniometer, • Shoulder Pain and Disability Index

: Patients from the Physical Therapy Departments of Polyclinic, NIRM and Rawal hospitals, Islamabad Pakistan

will be including centers of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Allied Hospital, Nusrat Abdul Rauf Center

Study aim: • To assess the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat (POST) in patients receiving preoperative nebulized dexamethasone and intravenous ketorolac. • To compare the anti-inflammatory effect of Steroid (Dexamethasone) versus non-steroid (Ketorolac tromethamine) in reducing POST. Design: This study employed a randomized, double-blinded research design. Settings and conduct: The study was be conducted at Farooq Hospital, DHA, specifically within the Department of Anesthesia. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: • Patients aged 18 – 50 undergoing surgeries that require endotracheal intubation after general anesthesia • ASA Physical status of I–III. • Patient giving informed consent. Exclusion criteria. • Patient known to be allergic to study drugs. • Asthmatic or COPD patients. • ASA physical status IV – VI • The Patient has a pre-existing sore throat or pain • Surgeries involving the neck, throat, or airway. • Upper respiratory tract infection. • Patients with a history of renal disease Intervention groups: Interventions: Group K (Ketorolac group): Participants in this group will receive intravenous ketorolac tromethamine preoperatively, 15–30 minutes before induction of general anesthesia. Group D (Dexamethasone group): Participants in this group will receive nebulized dexamethasone preoperatively, 15–30 minutes before induction of general anesthesia. Main outcome variables: Main Outcome Variables: Incidence of Postoperative Sore Throat (POST): Presence or absence of sore throat at 2, 4, 6, and 12 hours after extubation. Severity of Postoperative Sore Throat: Measured using the STAT-10 scale at 2, 4, 6, and 12 hours post-extubation. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Intervention: Assessed indirectly through reduction in sore throat severity scores between the two groups.

Study aim: The aim of the study will be to determine the effects of Active release technique and myofascial technique on Pain, hip range of motion, functional disability in patients with piriformis syndrome. Design: Parallel group randomized clinical trial and Randomization will be achieved through computer generated random number table. Settings and conduct: Zubaida Hospital and Fatima Trust Hospital, patients and outcome assessor will be blinded. It will be assessor and participant who will be blinded about the type of intervention. Treatment will be given by principal /investigator. Patients in each group will also be blinded about type of intervention they will receive Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Age: 20- 40 years, Gender: Both male and female, Deep-seated buttock pain with radiating pain, especially intolerable sitting pain, Tenderness of the piriformis muscle, Positive Fair test Exclusion Criteria: Intermittent vascular claudication, spondylolisthesis, Past history of vertebral fracture, Past history of spinal surgery, Spinal tuberculosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis/Osteoarthritis, Disc pathology and mechanical back pain, Avascular necrosis of femoral head, Fracture of femur and hip joint dislocation Intervention groups: Intervention group A: They will receive Active release technique and conventional treatment in form of hot pack for 10-15 minutes then piriformis muscle will be stretched for 30 seconds hold comprising of 3 sets. Session duration will be 40-50 minutes, twice a week, 8 sessions over 4 weeks Intervention group B: They will receive Myofascial release technique and conventional treatment in from of hot pack for 10-15 minutes then piriformis muscle will be stretched with 30 seconds hold comprising of 3 sets. Session duration will be 40-50 minutes twice a week, 8 sessions over 4 weeks Main outcome variables: Pain, range of motion and functional disability

Settings and conduct: At Muhammad's physical therapy clinic and rehabilitation center, Multan, Pakistan, 90

Study aim: To find out whether graston or laser, comparative or combined helps in speedy recovery of MTrPs of upper Trapezius To change in quality of life of participants after treatment Design: Pragmatic, parallel group, single blind, randomized clinical trial Settings and conduct: The trial is conducted in Allied hospital, Faisalabad and Al- Nawab physiotherapy clinic, Faisalabad. Subjects are chosen according to inclusion criteria. They are asked for their consent to involve them in clinical trial. Subjects are blinded as they don't know about their treatment protocol and group. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Females aged 18 to 50 years old with bilateral myofascial pain syndrome of the upper trapezius muscle. According to Simon’s diagnostic criteria five major and one minor sign of myofascial fascial pain syndrome was diagnosed in participants. Complaint of pain from at least 8 weeks Pain score between 30mm to 80mm on VAS Neck extension range up to 30 degrees Neck right and left side flexion range up to 20 degrees NDI score between 10 and 24 Exclusion criteria: Neck or shoulder pain that has lasted less than 8 weeks Within the previous three months, local injectable physiotherapy. Infection Febrile state Cervical radiculopathy symptoms Hypertension that has not been treated Coagulatory disease or anticoagulant therapy Injury to the cervical spine or surgery Implants and metal devices Intervention groups: 3 intervention groups has been made; Group A is the graston therapy group, Group B is the Laser therapy group and groups C is the graston and laser therapy group (it will be given both therapies in combination). Main outcome variables: Pain Neck disability index score Cervical extension range of motion Cervical right lateral flexion range of motion Cervical left lateral flexion range of motion

Study aim: 1- To determine the efficacy of administered placebo in enhancing the physical fitness in adolescents. 2- To check the relationship between administered placebo and motivation level in adolescents. Design: RCT Settings and conduct: Schools of Islamabad/ Rawalpindi. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria  Healthy Adolescents of Rawalpindi/Islamabad.  Age: 10-19 (According to WHO) both genders, after taking written consent of participants from their parents/ guardians. Exclusion Criteria  Diagnosed cases of acute or chronic diseases  Adolescent with any deformity or Psychological illness  Family history of sudden cardiac death, comorbidities (Asthma and Diabetes)  History of exercise associated with dizziness, pre-syncope or collapse  Refusal of giving informed consent Intervention groups: 1- Control group 2- Experimental group Control group: Control group adolescents will be pre-tested on four fitness tests (sit & reach test, reduced cooper test, broad jump and 20 meter running) and motivation level using Physical activity and leisure motivation scale PALMS by the first investigator. Then there would be a break of 30 minutes in which they will only receive water. After that, all the participants will be Post- tested on the basis of same fitness tests and motivation scale as mentioned above. Experimental group: In this group adolescents will be pre-tested on the same fitness tests and motivation as mentioned above. Then in the break these adolescents will be given placebo drink (included water + red food color) along with leaflet (statement written reinforcing the effect of placebo drink), and will be post tested by using same tests as mentioned in control group. Main outcome variables: Distance Time Exertion Motivation Pulse rate

conduct: The study will be conducted at Farhan Physio and Rehab Clinic Peshawar Pakistan and our study

Study aim: 1) To determine the effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular facilitation with and without Mirror Therapy on clinical recovery in Bell’s palsy patients 2) To determine the effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular facilitation with and without Mirror Therapy on synkinesis in Bell’s palsy patients 3) To determine the effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular facilitation with and without Mirror Therapy on quality of life in Bell’s palsy patients Design: Two arm parallel group randomized trail with blinded assessor and outcome assessment of 60 participants Settings and conduct: Data will be conducted from department of Physical Therapy, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. This is a single blinded study in which outcome evaluation assessor will be unaware of treatment which assigned to groups. Data will be assessed by assessor at baseline, at the end of 3rd week, at the end of 6th and at the end of 9th week. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: • Aged between 25-50 years • Both Male and females • Patients with unilateral Bells’ Palsy diagnosed by neurologist • Patients with moderate to severe Bell’s palsy (House-Brackmann Scale facial nerve grading 3 and 4) • Patients with unilateral bell’s palsy Exclusion Criteria: • Patients with Autoimmune/ hematologic disease • Patients with Inflammatory disease(e.g. Rheumatoid arthritis) • Patients with any neurodegenerative disease • Patients with cognitive impairments Intervention groups: All the screened and willing participants will be randomly allocated to two groups where Group A will receive proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation with mirror therapy and Group B will receive proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation without mirror therapy by lottery method. Main outcome variables: House Brackman scale(HBS), Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire, and Facial clinimetric Evaluation Scale(FaCE)

Study aim: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of combined treatment with Ketoconazole 2% Cream and Adapalene 0.1% Gel versus Ketoconazole 2% Cream alone in the management of Pityriasis Versicolor. The study aims to compare clinical outcomes, including symptom resolution, improvement in lesion count, and patient satisfaction between the two treatment regimens. Design: Community-based, parallel group, non-blind, randomized controlled trial Settings and conduct: This study will be conducted on patients presenting in dermatology OPD fulfilling the inclusion criteria, and Study is Not blinded. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria for the study are diagnosed cases of Pityriasis Versicolor, patients aged 18–60 years of either sex, and those willing to provide informed consent. The exclusion criteria include patients with known hypersensitivity or allergy to Ketoconazole or Adapalene, concurrent diseases such as hyperthyroidism or hyperhidrosis, pregnant or lactating women, and individuals who have received treatment within the last 8 weeks. Intervention groups: Group A will receive a combined treatment of Ketoconazole 2% Cream and Adapalene 0.1% Gel, applied once daily for two weeks. Group B will receive Ketoconazole 2% Cream alone, applied once daily for the same duration Main outcome variables: Clinical improvement (more than 50% improvement in lesions), negative fluorescence on Wood's lamp examination, and a negative result on KOH examination of skin scrapings after four weeks of treatment.

Study aim: The objective of this study to compare the efficacy of dapsone and intralesional meglumine antimoniate with intralesional meglumine antimoniate in patients presenting with Cutaneous leishmaniasis.the study aims to show complete response; complete re-epithelialization, disappearance of edema, induration, lesions becoming flatter and turning from erythematous to residual hyperpigmentation in colour assessed on photograph and clinical examination. Design: Community-based ,parallel , non blind , randomized controlled trial Settings and conduct: This study will be conducted on patients presenting in Dermatology OPD fulfilling the inclusion criteria , Study is Not blinded. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Patients between 16-60 years of age, patients with positive smear or skin biopsies for amastigotes, lesions four or less in number and no lesion more than 4cm in size. ·       Either gender ·       Willing to provide informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: Pregnant or lactating women, sporotrichoid spread, use of any anti-leishmania treatment in the past 3 months, lesions at sites that merit systemic antimonials, allergy to antimonials and patients with history of liver disease, patient having G6PD deficiency will be excluded from the study . Intervention groups: Group-A will receive intralesional meglumine antimoniate weekly and Group-B will receive oral dapsone (initially 25 mg/day for 01 week then 50mg/day onwards) with monitoring of Blood CP and Liver function tests and weekly intralesional meglumine antimoniate.co Main outcome variables: Showing complete response; complete re-epithelialization, disappearance of edema, induration, lesions becoming flatter and turning from erythematous to residual hyperpigmentation in colour assessed on photograph and clinical examination.

Study aim: aim is to select the optimal treatment for pitryasis versicolor. Design: Pragmatic, community based, parallel group, not blind, randomised controlled trial. Settings and conduct: This study will be conducted on patients presenting in dermatology OPD fullfilling the incluaion criteria. Study is Not blinded Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: 60 participants, 30 in each group. All patients who will have clinically pitryasis versicolor leisions as pe operational definition within age range of 18-60years and willing to provide informed consent are included. Patients who are previously treated and are allergic to topical medication are excluded. Patients develop side effects during study also excluded. Intervention groups: Group A of 30 patients will recieve topical bifonazole Group B of 30 patients will recieve topical clotrimazole Main outcome variables: Efficacy with clinical and mycological cure: yes/no Side effects if any: yes/no

Study aim: To compare the surgical outcome and post op complications of symphysis and parasymhysis fractures in 3-D and conventional miniplating plating system. Design: A single blinded, randomized control trial in which cases and controls were sampled via consecutive sampling with concealed envelope method with a sample size of 62, enrolled between August 2023 to August 2024 Settings and conduct: 30 Military Dental Centre, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar Cantt., Peshawar, KPK Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Pain following history of fall/ RTA/ trauma Age range of 18-50. Both genders, Male and Female American Society of Anesthesiologist ASA Class 1 Isolated mandible fracture Exclusion criteria: Infection at site of fracture Malunited fractures Comminuted fractures Panfacial trauma Patients with a bone pathology (Osteomyelitis, Osteoporosis and Paget’s Disease) Chronic Illness (Diabetes, Asthma and Hypertension) Intervention groups: Under strict aseptic conditions, general anesthesia and local anesthesia given in fracture vicinity by a single surgical team. Temporary MMF will be done using eyelets and tie wires to achieve best possible occlusion. Plates will be adapted and secured with the help of screws. In Group A patients with 3D plates fixation the upper cross bar will lie in the subapical region. Main outcome variables: 1) Stability 2) Post op pain 3) Wound dehisence 4) Malocclusion

Study aim: Purpose of this current research was to find out the effectiveness of manual therapy in addition to stretching and strengthening exercises in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome in order to improve pain, functional capacity and scapular range of motion. Design: Parallel Single Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial Settings and conduct: The Eligible patients for Exercises and Manual Therapy referring to The University of Lahore Teaching Hospital city Lahore during the study period was enrolled in the trial and was randomly allocated to the intervention and control group through block randomization. The trial was single blinded so that physician was not aware of the intervention. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion: Shoulder Impingement Syndrome from more than 3 months History of non-traumatic onset of shoulder pain, positive painful arc during active elevation of arm. positive (Hawkins-Kennedy, Neer’s test). Exclusion: Fracture( clavicle, humerus, Scapula) Systemic Illness numbness or tingling of the upper limb a positive sulcus or apprehension test, positive drop arm test Intervention groups: Group A was treated with exercises and 45 minutes of manual therapy with rest interval of 1 min . The grade lll and lV mobilization were performed including arthrokinematic movements for different sub-joints at the shoulder: Group B was given only strengthening and stretching exercises for both involved and uninvolved sides and session longed for 25-30 minutes. For both Group A and B The participants were assessed pre-intervention and post-intervention(after 4 week).No Of sessions were 3 per week for 4 weeks.Total duration of intervention was 1 month. Main outcome variables: Disability of arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire: Functional Capacity. Numeric Pain Rating Scale :pain. Goniometry :scapular ranges

Study aim: This study aimed to verify the effects of PNE pain neuroscience education compared with the physical exercises techniques in patients with lumbar radiculopathy. Design: The goal of PNE to re-conceptualizing pain observation from a biological or structural model to a bio psychosocial pain perception. Settings and conduct: conduct; Allied Hospital Faisalabad, Aziz Fatima Hospital Faisalabad , Madina Teaching Hospital Faisalabad Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: 34 participants were enrolled, non probability convenience sampling technique was used. Patients divided into 2 groups interventional group and control group. Inclusion criteria: both genders male and female , Age group (40-60) , Lumbar pain which radiates down to leg or radiating below the knee, Diagnosed patients with lumbar radiculopathy , As a minimum Pain score 3/10 on VAS, The following radicular signs:1 Any dermatome between L4 and S1 that is numbness paresthesia, 2 Loss of muscle strengthen any of the L4-S1 myotomes Exclusion Criteria: Spine fracture, Pregnancy, Cauda equine syndrome , Oncological pain ,History of pelvis, hip or spine surgical intervention in the last year, Unimpaired cognition / intelligence (Mini Mental State Examination Score of >24) Intervention groups: In experimental group patients was performed a PNE approach which consists in six sessions 2 time per week, for about 60 minutes with therapeutic physical exercise performed session; 3 sessions per week. Session was completed in 35-45 minutes then cool down phase including with relaxation exercises for 10-15 minutes. Main outcome variables: Pain intensity and Functional disability

Study aim: Till data a limited evidence is available about removal of drain after supra-omohyoid neck dissection (SOND). Drains may be left in patient for longer than necessary, leading to infection, discomfort, longer hospital stay and costs. Design: Two arm parallel group randomized trial with single blinding. Simple randomisation using a randomisation table created by computer software with allocation using concealed envelopes. A sample size of 82 with 41 in the control group and 41 in the study/intervention group at a tertiary care hospital. Settings and conduct: Tertiary care hospital of CMH (Combined Military Hospital) Lahore and CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Consenting Patients between the age of 30 to 65 years of age shall be included. Patients to be excluded would be the ones having hypertension, cardio-pulmonary illnesses, renal and hepatic illnesses, anemia, obesity, free flap surgeries and paralyzed. Intervention groups: On the first postsurgical day, patients shall randomized to either a drain removal threshold of less than 30 mL or less than 100 mL during a 24-hour period Main outcome variables: Drain use duration, hospitalization duration, and wound complications such as infection and seroma for both groups.