Study aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Rocabado exercises and myofascial release on pain and jaw mobility in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Design: A single-blinded, randomized clinical trial was conducted with thirty participants included by using convenient sampling technique. Settings and conduct: The study settings included physical therapy out patient departments of Allied Hospital and Madinah Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad. The participants were blinded of the treatment given to them. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: The participants having age 18 to 30 years with mild to moderate temporomandibular joint dysfunction according to fonseca questionnaire and mild to moderate pain levels on numeric pain rating scale with restricted mouth opening were included in the study. the subjects with the history of any recent surgery, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) hypermobility, severe osteoporosis, unhealed fracture of mandible and advanced diabetes were excluded. Intervention groups: There were two interventional groups named as group A (Rocabado exercises) and group B (Myofascial release technique). The participants of group A received a set of six exercises named as Rocabado exercises as a treatment. These six exercises included rest position of tongue, shoulder posture correction, stabilized cervical flexion, axial extension of neck, controlled TMJ rotation and rhythmic stabilization technique. The participants of group B received myofascial release technique as a treatment approach which included the myofascial release of masseter and temporalis muscles. Main outcome variables: The main outcome variables were severity of dysfunction, pain, functional limitation and mouth opening range of motion.

: Operative Dentistry Department of Islamic International Dental Hospital - Islamabad, Pakistan All patients

through 1. Pakistan Sports Board 2. Cricket Academies Lahore Participants/Inclusion and exclusion

Study aim: To find the effects of Acapella and positive end expiratory pressure device on pulmonary function test, cough maneuver, sputum diary and dyspnea in post-operative laparoscopic patients. Design: Two parallel group , Double blinded, randomized clinical trial with pre and post assessment Settings and conduct: Surgical Ward/Intensive Care Unit Services Hospital Lahore Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Age criteria of 35-55yrs Patients undergone Laparoscopic Surgery (Cholecystectomy, Liver Biopsy, Ectopic Pregnancy, Splenectomy, and Ovarioectomy). Both male and female Exclusion Criteria: Patients body mass index < 15 kg.m-2 or > 30 kg.m-2 Patient’s history of respiratory tract infection within three months Patient’s baseline arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) < 70 mmHg or arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) > 50 mmHg; baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) < 30% of predicted. Intervention groups: Laparoscopic Surgery Patients using Acapella and Positive End Expiratory Pressure Device. Main outcome variables: Dyspnea will be checked by Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP) Sputum Diary will be checked by Breathlessness, Cough, Sputum Scale (BCSS) Pulmonary Function Test will be checked by Spirometer and following four readings will be taken FVC, FEV1, FVC/FEV1, PEFR

Study aim: To find the effects of Pilates breathing versus Rhythmic initiation Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) on pulmonary function tests, dyspnea and chest expansion in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients. Design: Two parallel groups, double blinded randomized clinical trial with pre and post assessment Settings and conduct: Pulmonology ward , Ittefaq hospital Lahore Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria • Age group of 35-65years • Both male and females • COPD diagnosed according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases (GOLD) guidelines at mild stage EXCLUSION CRITERIA • Patients with any recent surgery • Patients with other medical conditions that may interfere with exercise program • Patients doing yoga training • Diagnosis of other chronic lung disease such as (bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, asthma, interstitial lung disease, lung cancer etc. • Mental Illness Intervention groups: Standardized pulmonary rehabilitation program along with Pilates breathing and Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique Main outcome variables: Dyspnea measured using Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) scale, Chest Expansion measured using Measuring tape, Pulmonary Function Tests using Portable Spirometer

Study aim: To see the effectiveness of neural mobilization and PNF stretching in Bell's palsy patients. To see which one is more effective treatment for the Bell's palsy. Design: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study Settings and conduct: Govt. Allied Hospital Faisalabad; Punjab (Pakistan) Participants

Study aim: The objective of this study is to compare the treatment efficacy of adding neostigmine and atropine to standard treatment regimen versus standard regimen alone for post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) in patients after caesarian section delivery. Design: Double blind, single center, interventional randomized controlled trial Divided into two groups: Modified treatment group (n=65) Standard treatment group (n=65) Studied in two phases (Pain scores in phase 1 and adverse effects in phase 2) The patient were randomized using non-probability consecutive sampling via lottery method on cards given to the resident on duty in the intervention suite Settings and conduct: This was a double-blind study, carried out at the Dept of Anesthesiology, CMH Kharian. sealed envelopes containing pre-made regimes were given in both groups with the administering anesthetist and the anesthetist recording the results unaware of the drug formulation and the study protocol Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria included all patients with post-dural puncture headache presenting to the anesthesia clinic 48-72 hours after caesarian delivery. Exclusion criteria included patients unwilling for IV or oral therapy, refusal to be included in the study, patients with allergy to either atropine, neostigmine, paracetamol and/or ibuprofen, patients with known history of migraine, cluster headache Intervention groups: Patients in the standard regimen received the institute followed conservative management. Patients in the modified regimen received the same protocol and drugs of the standard regimen as well as IV neostigmine 20 mcg/kg and atropine 10 mcg/kg in 20 ml. Main outcome variables: Primary variables measured was pain threshold on visual analog scale (VAS)12 at 6,12,24,48, and 72 hours after the start of treatment.

Study aim: To check the effect of Myofascial release and muscle energy technique on quadratus lumborum in patients with non-specific low back pain patients Design: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with three parallel groups, a single blinded study of third phase in 20 patients in each group that are 60 in total . Settings and conduct: Allied hospital faisalabad and Madinah teaching hospital . Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Informed consent of the patient Diagnosed patient with non specific low back pain Age 18 to 40 years Gender both male and female Patient with pain at the attachment of quadratus lumborum Patients with restricted lateral flexion less than 25 degrees Pain on NPRS in range between 3-7 Patients with history of any spinal surgery in past six months Pathology of spine like tumor,tuberculosis,osteoporosis etc Patients with altered sensation (motor or sensory) Patient with spinal cord injury in past six months Any pathological condition related to hip joint e.g arthritis ,total knee replacement,total hip replacement or pregnancy etc. Intervention groups: GRP A:First, a hot pack is administered as a baseline treatment. 3reps of the treatment will take a total of 15 min. MET of QL given for 10-30 sec GRP B: The caudal hand was put on the participant's thigh, while the cranial arm's elbow was positioned above QL. Elbow was positioned obliquely close to the center of the column, applying minimal pressure. The individual's leg was gently pulled sideways by another hand. There are seven minutes . GRP C:total treatement time is 22 mins .Both techniques METand MFR is given in this group. Main outcome variables: NPRS , ODI and Inclinometer

Study aim: This study will be investigating the effects of Position release therapy (PRT) and Reciprocal Inhibition of METS in soccer players experiencing pain and discomfort condition. The reason for choosing this theme was basically to find out the appropriate therapeutic techniques by comparing therapy results with other techniques. Design: RCT Settings and conduct:  United Hospital Faisalabad  Physio Treats Physical Therapy and rehabilitation center  In Motion Physical therapy and Rehab Centre  Pro Health and Rehab Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria  Participants of age 18-40 were included  Male athletes were included  Pain in the buttock  Pain up to rank 3 on NPRS  Positive FABER and FAIR test  Positive Sciatic nerve tension test  Onset of pain 24-72 hours after provocative activity  Tenderness over the piriformis muscle  Patients who are willing to sign the consent form  Patient must be soccer player at least from 1 year Exclusion Criteria  Any known vascular condition  Diagnosed / known psychiatric illness  Positive SIJ dysfunction criteria  Positive tests for LBP  Deformity of the hip joint  Lumbar Disc Herniation  Spinal stenosis  Peripheral neuropathy  Systemic diseases e.g, hyper/hypotension, diabetes and hypo/hyperthyroidism  Individual consuming recreational drugs  Chain kinematic disturbance of whole limb  Degenerative condition  Any history of hip trauma or accident (6 months)  Burn/scar  Steroidal injection to hip joint  Diagnosed tumor  Myofascial pain syndrome Intervention groups: Group A Reciprocal Inhibition Group B Position Release Therapy Main outcome variables:  Pain  Hip ROM  Strength

Study aim: To evaluate and compare the effects of self-myofascial release and Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization on pain, hamstrings tightness and functional disability. Design: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with two parallel groups, a single blinded study of third phase with 17 patients in each group that are 34 in total. Settings and conduct: Allied Hospital Faisalabad and Madinah Teachning Teaching Hospital. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Individuals diagnosed with non-specific lower back pain Individuals with hamstring tightness Subjects who voluntarily participated in the study Who had greater than 20 degrees knee extension lag while performing Active Knee Extension Test 27-46 years of age, male and female subjects. Exclusion Criteria: Individuals who had any previous lumbar spine surgeries Subjects who had any radiating pain or neurological deficit Subjects who had spine tumors, Ankylosing Spondylitis, or Spondylolisthesis With any any systemic illnesses, such as TB or spine infection Intervention groups: Group A Patients in this group performed self-myofascial release on hamstrings bilaterally using a tennis ball for 4 minutes, 2 minutes per leg. Hot pack was applied for 15 minutes as a baseline treatment in both groups. Group B Patients in this group had bilateral soft tissue mobilization of the hamstring muscles using the GT number 1 Graston device. each participant received 30 repititions for 60 seconds of Graston instrument technique from the gluteal line to the popliteal fossa Main outcome variables: • Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS): For pain assessment • Active Knee Extension Test (AKET): For hamstring tightness • Oswestry Disability Index (ODI): For functional disability

Study aim: This study will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of upper limb Resistance exercises (aerobic capacity, strength and quality of life among COPD patients) Design: A Randomized Controlled Trial will be conducted. Informed consent will be taken from patients by informing the aims and objectives of the study. Then patients will be selected on the basis of convenient sampling technique that will be randomized through the lottery method. Settings and conduct: Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan Hospital and General Hospital, Faisalabad. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion:  Age of patients taken is 25-55 years  Patients of both genders  Individuals with stable COPD(Chronic bronchitis, Emphysema, asthma) being monitored by pulmonologist Exclusion: • MSK (frozen shoulder, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, , traumatic fractures, amputation) • Cardiac issues • Surgery (Thoracic surgery, CABG) • Cognitively impaired dementia Peripheral oxygen saturation <90% during 6 min. walk test. Intervention groups: The control group will warm-up with slow walking, deep breathing and arm circles for 5-15 minutes. Aerobic exercise and inspiratory muscle training will be performed for 5-15 minutes, involving three sets with 10 repititions and a rest interval of 1-2 minute with threshold strength instruments. At the end of session stretching will be performed for 5-10 minutes. The treatment group will perform the same physical exercises routine as the control group, with additional upper limb resistance exercise in three sets with 10 repititions with rest interval of 1-2 minutes between each sets which will be followed by message therapy Main outcome variables: • Modified Borg Scale • Stethoscope • 6 min. walk test • QoL questionnaire • Dynamometer

Study aim: The aim of this study is to associate the effects of the ELDOA versus the (PFS) Post Facilitation Stretching technique to treat symptoms of Quadratus lumborum tightness affecting functional performance in (NSLBP) non-specific LBP patients. Design: A Randomized Clinical Trials (Quantitative Study) Settings and conduct: Participants of LBP were selected from the Outdoor Patient Department of Madina Teaching Hospital Faisalabad and Allied Hospital Faisalabad. It was of 4 months duration for the study to be completed after the approval of the synopsis. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria • 18 to 35 years adult • Both males and females • Study participants who are willing to take part • Participants having 3 to 7 scores on NPRS • No recent surgery in the past six months Exclusion criteria • No leg symptoms in the last week • Any Neurological disorders • Patients who have undergone back, pelvis, hip, or knee surgery within the preceding six months, as well as those with any history of lower limb fractures • Pregnancy (All trimesters) • Any medical condition contraindicatory to physical activity Intervention groups: Participants were screened through the selection criteria and were recruited into the study. The patients signed informed consent forms subsequent to subjects, which were randomly allocated into different groups. The participants were separated into two groups, both of which were part of the experimental condition, and depending upon the group allocation, the treatment plan's sequence and scheduled period were provided to the patients. Measurements were taken at baseline before treatment protocol and after the treatment performed at the end of 2nd week. There were three sessions per week for two weeks, i.e. six sessions. Main outcome variables: • Pain, ROM, Tightness, Disability

Study aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of Kinetic Control Training (KCT) compared with standard physiotherapy Design: Randomized controlled trial (RCT) Settings and conduct: Gilani Physio and Joint Care, Model Town, Lahore, Pakistan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion: 1. Male taxi

Institute of dentistry, CMH,Rawalpindi, pakistan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: INCLUSION

Lahore,Pakistan. Patients will be recruited from the surgical OPD coming for elective Peri-Anal

Study aim: To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the adapted Bounce Back intervention among school children aged 8-11 years in Pakistan , including recruitment, attendance, retention, and (...) , Pakistan. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Had experienced one or more potentially traumatic

, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Eligible patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either (...) : Faisalabad Country: Pakistan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Adults aged

Study aim: This study aimed to assess how effective nebulized dexmedetomidine is at lowering headache intensity and enhancing satisfaction levels in individuals suffering from post-dural puncture headache. Design: Randomised, superiority, parallel group trial with blinded outcome assessment. Randomisation was centralised and computerised with concealed randomisation sequence carried out at an external site Settings and conduct: Both Patient and Caregiver are blinded Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria All Patients aged between 18 and 40 years, who developed PDPH after spinal anesthesia were included in study Exclusion Criteria Patients with pre-existing chronic headache or migraine disorder, Cardiac Abnormalities including Atrio-Ventricular blocks and Bundle Branch Blocks, uncontrolled hypertension or neurological disease, hypersensitivity to dexmedetomidine, respiratory illness preventing nebulization therapy, Patients refusing consent or Patients requiring immediate epidural blood patch were excluded from study. Intervention groups: Nebulisation with Dexmeditomidine VS Nebulization with Normal Saline Main outcome variables: Post Dural Puncture Headache

Study aim: To compare the effects of Gongs Mobilization and Maitland Mobilization on pain, shoulder range of motion (ROM) and shoulder function in patients with frozen shoulder. Design: Single Blinded Randomized Control Trial Settings and conduct: Main Medical DayCare Center Clinic Lahore, Mid City Hospital Lahore, Omar hospital Lahore. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria • Individuals voluntarily wanting to sign consent form • Both genders • Age group between 40-60 • Individuals diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis • Individual with restricted capsular pattern of shoulder joint (flexion, external rotation, abduction, and internal rotation) Exclusion Criteria Participants were not included in this research if they had anyone of the following symptoms: • Systemic disorder. • Acute inflammation around the shoulder joint • Neurological ailments • Recent fracture around the shoulder girdle • Shoulder displacement • Skin problem • Surgery around the shoulder joint Intervention groups: Group 1 received Gongs Mobilization technique and group 2 received Maitland Mobilization. Baseline treatment of moist hot pack from hydro collator at 55 degrees was provided to both groups for 10 minutes on the affected shoulder. Treatment was provided for 5 sessions on consecutive week days for 2 weeks. Main outcome variables: Visual Analogue Scale, Universal Goniometer, • Shoulder Pain and Disability Index

: Patients from the Physical Therapy Departments of Polyclinic, NIRM and Rawal hospitals, Islamabad Pakistan

will be including centers of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Allied Hospital, Nusrat Abdul Rauf Center

Study aim: • To assess the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat (POST) in patients receiving preoperative nebulized dexamethasone and intravenous ketorolac. • To compare the anti-inflammatory effect of Steroid (Dexamethasone) versus non-steroid (Ketorolac tromethamine) in reducing POST. Design: This study employed a randomized, double-blinded research design. Settings and conduct: The study was be conducted at Farooq Hospital, DHA, specifically within the Department of Anesthesia. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: • Patients aged 18 – 50 undergoing surgeries that require endotracheal intubation after general anesthesia • ASA Physical status of I–III. • Patient giving informed consent. Exclusion criteria. • Patient known to be allergic to study drugs. • Asthmatic or COPD patients. • ASA physical status IV – VI • The Patient has a pre-existing sore throat or pain • Surgeries involving the neck, throat, or airway. • Upper respiratory tract infection. • Patients with a history of renal disease Intervention groups: Interventions: Group K (Ketorolac group): Participants in this group will receive intravenous ketorolac tromethamine preoperatively, 15–30 minutes before induction of general anesthesia. Group D (Dexamethasone group): Participants in this group will receive nebulized dexamethasone preoperatively, 15–30 minutes before induction of general anesthesia. Main outcome variables: Main Outcome Variables: Incidence of Postoperative Sore Throat (POST): Presence or absence of sore throat at 2, 4, 6, and 12 hours after extubation. Severity of Postoperative Sore Throat: Measured using the STAT-10 scale at 2, 4, 6, and 12 hours post-extubation. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Intervention: Assessed indirectly through reduction in sore throat severity scores between the two groups.

Study aim: The aim of the study will be to determine the effects of Active release technique and myofascial technique on Pain, hip range of motion, functional disability in patients with piriformis syndrome. Design: Parallel group randomized clinical trial and Randomization will be achieved through computer generated random number table. Settings and conduct: Zubaida Hospital and Fatima Trust Hospital, patients and outcome assessor will be blinded. It will be assessor and participant who will be blinded about the type of intervention. Treatment will be given by principal /investigator. Patients in each group will also be blinded about type of intervention they will receive Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Age: 20- 40 years, Gender: Both male and female, Deep-seated buttock pain with radiating pain, especially intolerable sitting pain, Tenderness of the piriformis muscle, Positive Fair test Exclusion Criteria: Intermittent vascular claudication, spondylolisthesis, Past history of vertebral fracture, Past history of spinal surgery, Spinal tuberculosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis/Osteoarthritis, Disc pathology and mechanical back pain, Avascular necrosis of femoral head, Fracture of femur and hip joint dislocation Intervention groups: Intervention group A: They will receive Active release technique and conventional treatment in form of hot pack for 10-15 minutes then piriformis muscle will be stretched for 30 seconds hold comprising of 3 sets. Session duration will be 40-50 minutes, twice a week, 8 sessions over 4 weeks Intervention group B: They will receive Myofascial release technique and conventional treatment in from of hot pack for 10-15 minutes then piriformis muscle will be stretched with 30 seconds hold comprising of 3 sets. Session duration will be 40-50 minutes twice a week, 8 sessions over 4 weeks Main outcome variables: Pain, range of motion and functional disability

Settings and conduct: At Muhammad's physical therapy clinic and rehabilitation center, Multan, Pakistan, 90

Study aim: To find out whether graston or laser, comparative or combined helps in speedy recovery of MTrPs of upper Trapezius To change in quality of life of participants after treatment Design: Pragmatic, parallel group, single blind, randomized clinical trial Settings and conduct: The trial is conducted in Allied hospital, Faisalabad and Al- Nawab physiotherapy clinic, Faisalabad. Subjects are chosen according to inclusion criteria. They are asked for their consent to involve them in clinical trial. Subjects are blinded as they don't know about their treatment protocol and group. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Females aged 18 to 50 years old with bilateral myofascial pain syndrome of the upper trapezius muscle. According to Simon’s diagnostic criteria five major and one minor sign of myofascial fascial pain syndrome was diagnosed in participants. Complaint of pain from at least 8 weeks Pain score between 30mm to 80mm on VAS Neck extension range up to 30 degrees Neck right and left side flexion range up to 20 degrees NDI score between 10 and 24 Exclusion criteria: Neck or shoulder pain that has lasted less than 8 weeks Within the previous three months, local injectable physiotherapy. Infection Febrile state Cervical radiculopathy symptoms Hypertension that has not been treated Coagulatory disease or anticoagulant therapy Injury to the cervical spine or surgery Implants and metal devices Intervention groups: 3 intervention groups has been made; Group A is the graston therapy group, Group B is the Laser therapy group and groups C is the graston and laser therapy group (it will be given both therapies in combination). Main outcome variables: Pain Neck disability index score Cervical extension range of motion Cervical right lateral flexion range of motion Cervical left lateral flexion range of motion