Study aim: To check the combined effect of Task Specific training and Roods approach in improvement of arm sensory and motor function in patients after stroke. To check the combined effect of Task Specific training and Roods approach in improvement of arm spasticity in patients after stroke Design: Community based, parallel group, single blind, randomized controlled trial. Settings and conduct: Settings of the trial are Allied hospital Faisalabad and DHQ hospital Faisalabad. Participants will be blind in the study because treatment will be provided individually and alone. Participants will not know which group they belong to because treatment will be performed by the therapist and will not be explained in detail to the patients. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: • Age between 45-65 years. • Acute <6 months upper extremity paresis after stroke. • Muscle power 0-3 muscle grade of all muscle of upper limb by MMT according to oxford scale • Time since stroke < 6months. • Sufficient cognitive ability to participate. • Both genders • Before stroke they were able to wash their hands and feed themselves. • Had no premorbid severe arm condition before stroke Exclusion criteria: • Uncontrolled Hypertension. • Severe dysphasia. • Occipital/ cerebellar lesion. • Other neurological, neuromuscular or orthopedic lesion. • Severe comorbidity. • Concurrent participation in other upper extremity stroke treatment • Perceptual, apraxic or major cognitive defects. • Arm contracture • Severe arm dysfunction before stroke Intervention groups: Group A will receive common treatment and Rood’s treatment approach. Group B will be subjected to task specific training along with common treatment. Group C will receive combination of both Rood’s approach and Task specific training along with common treatment. Main outcome variables: Motor and sensory function of arm

Study aim: The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide versus normal saline irrigation in reducing post-cesarean wound infections and promoting faster wound healing. Design: Randomised, open-label, parallel group controlled trial conducted at a single tertiary care center with a total sample size of 204 participants. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio using a computer-generated sequence to receive either hydrogen peroxide or normal saline wound irrigation. The study was not blinded, and outcome assessment was based on predefined clinical criteria. Settings and conduct: The trial was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, JPMC Karachi, over six months. Women undergoing cesarean section were randomized to receive either 3% hydrogen peroxide or normal saline for wound irrigation. Follow-up continued for four weeks to assess wound healing and infection using standardized clinical criteria. The study was open-label with no blinding. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Women aged 18–40 years undergoing cesarean section at >36 weeks and hemodynamically stable were included. Exclusion criteria included chronic illness, active infection, immunocompromised state, or allergy to hydrogen peroxide. Intervention groups: Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group A received 3% hydrogen peroxide irrigation of the surgical wound before closure during cesarean section. Group B received normal saline irrigation of the wound before closure. Both groups were followed postoperatively for four weeks to assess wound healing and infection rates. Main outcome variables: Main outcomes were wound healing time and post-cesarean wound infection. Healing was monitored weekly for four weeks and categorized by duration. Infection was defined by clinical signs such as pus, inflammation, or hematoma.

-fateh Sports complex, Faisalabad 3. Pakistan Sports Board, Lahore Participants/Inclusion and exclusion

hospital Faisalabad, Govt. General Hospital faisalabad abd Aziz Fatima hospital Faisalabad, Pakistan

Muhammad physical therapy clinic and rehabilitation centre, Multan, Pakistan. Participants/Inclusion and

Study Title: Pharmacokinetic and Safety evaluation of pegylated interferon α-2a from its commercial product “Unipeg” in healthy human subjects. Study goal: To establish the Pharmacokinetic and safety of 20 kDa peginterferon (Unipeg) in Pakistani population. Study Design: Open label, single period, single treatment, and single dose study in healthy volunteers. Sample size: Ten Inclusion Criteria: Healthy male subjects, Age: 18-45 years, BMI: 18-26 kg/m2, Able to understand and give free written informed consent, Non-smoker, non-alcoholic Exclusion criteria: any illness, blood donation in last two months, OTC and any prescription drug in last 14 and 30 days respectively. Participation in another study within last 2 months Treatments: After 10 hour fasting; single dose of PEG-interferon alfa-2a 180mcg administered subcutaneously in the morning in abdominal region. 5ml blood was collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 60, 84, 108, 132, & 156 hours after drug administration. Safety: through physical examination, vital sign, adverse events and lab test monitoring on screening, fifth day and at follow up after two weeks. CBC and ALT test for safety on day five and sixteen. Analysis: through ELISA Pharmacokinetics analysis: PK Parameters; AUC0–t, AUC0–∞, Cmax, Tmax and T1/2. determined by model independent method using PK-solution and PP-stat software Ethical consideration: Approved from independent ethics committee of ICCBS, University of Karachi, and full compliance to Declaration of Helsinki and ICH-GCP.

Study aim: Comparative effects of positional release therapy and muscle energy technique on pain and functional disability in patient with chronic non-specific neck pain. Design: Randomized controlled trial with parallel group design of 58 patients, enrolled for three months and followed the treatment plan. Randomization was concealed. Settings and conduct: Physical Therapy Department of Begum Akhtar Rukhsana Memorial Welfare Trust Lahore. Single blinded study. Participants was blinded as they dont konw which treatment was given to them. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Age 25-40 years, Both genders, Patients with pain level greater than or equals to 5/10 on visual analog scale, Neck pain lasting for more than 3 months. Exclusion criteria: Previous history of spinal surgery, History of trauma to the neck , Spinal deformity, Specific neck pain as a result of malignancy, Narcotic drugs Intervention groups: Group A: Participants in group A received Routine Physical therapy with Muscle Energy Technique. A submaximal (10-20%) contraction of the hypertonic muscle is performed away from the barrier for between 5 and 10 seconds and the therapist applies resistance in the opposite direction. Group-B: Participants in group B received Routine Physical Therapy with Positional Release Therapy. The physiotherapist locates the marked trigger point and while maintaining contact, a light pressure with the clinician’s fingertip is applied creating slight dimpling of the skin and blanching of the clinician’s fingernail bed. Main outcome variables: Pain was measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) Functional Disability measured by Neck Disability Index(NDI).

conducted at Muhammad Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Center, Multan, Pakistan. After approval was obtained

institute Peshawar Pakistan. from 31st March 2022. the total duration of the trial will be 6 weeks. patients

Study aim: To determine the effectiveness of thermobalancing therapy and Dr Allen’s Device for the treatment of patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) due to lumbar disc herniation or non-specific low back pain Design: Two arm parallel design randomized controlled trial. Settings and conduct: The study will be conducted at Physical Therapy clinic of Government College University Faisalabad. Potential participants visiting clinic who fulfil edibility criteria will be provided with participant information sheet and if agree to participate, informed consent will be obtained. After baseline assessment participants will be randomized. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Subjects with chronic low back pain, age ≥18 years ≤ 70 years. Subjects should be diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation or nonspecific low back pain. Exclusion criteria: patients with lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar spondylolisthesis, lumbar scoliosis, or a history of lumbar spine surgery. Also, should be excluded people with severe comorbidities including cancer, heart failure and chronic infectious diseases. Intervention groups: Participants in the treatment group will receive thermobalancing with Dr Allen’s Device for 3 months. Dr Allen’s Device consist of a soft belt, which contains thermoelement(s) from the special mixture of natural waxes, is used. Participants will be guided to wear the belt for maximum time throughout the daytime. Patients in the control group will be placed in watchful waiting list and will not receive any active treatment. Main outcome variables: Pain (Numerical Pain Rating Scale), functional disability (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire) and low back pain symptoms (The Japanese Orthopedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire) will be assessed at baseline, after 1 and 3 months after the treatment.

Study aim: To compare the effects of post-isometric relaxation technique and static stretching of quadratus lumborum with routine physical therapy on pain and functional disability in patients with mechanical low back pain. Design: A concealed, randomized, single blinding, randomized clinical trail with a parallel group design of 78 patients. Settings and conduct: Study was conducted in district head quarter hospital Narowal. Single blinding is done with blinding of assessor by labeling the experimental and control groups with unidentifying terms such as symbols or digits. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Participants of both gender with the age of 18 to 50 years having low back pain less than 12 weeks and visual analogue scale not less than point 3 are included in this study. Participants having specific low back pain such as lumber spondylosis, lumber canal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, sensory deficits, malignancies, tuberculosis, prolapsed intervertebral discs with instability or any radicular symptoms. Intervention groups: Participants in control group received routine physical therapy and Participants in experimental group received Post-isometric relaxation technique and static stretching along routine physical therapy Main outcome variables: Pain and Functional disability

hospital Jhelum, Punjab Pakistan and conduct between month of August and November. Data analyst was blinded

Study aim: To assess the effectiveness of proprioceptive and therapeutic exercises on pain, stiffness and physical functioning among the patients with knee osteoarthritis. Design: A Randomized control Trial with parallel group design of 54 patients, enrolled between August 2022 and October 2022, and followed for one month. Settings and conduct: District head quarter hospital Mandi Baha ud Din and City hospital Jalal pur Jattan. The participants were chosen through lottery method (single blind). Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: 45-60 years old patients diagnosed of knee osteoarthritis. Exclusion criteria: Patients with diagnosed osteoporosis, history of traumatic injury and surgery of knee joint (within last 6 months) and Patients of knee osteoarthritis with recommended surgery of knee. Intervention groups: After 20 minutes of local heating Group A received proprioceptive exercises. Exercises included One leg balance: every patient stood on the affected leg with upright posture with hip and knee flexion on the other leg and ankle joint were off from the surface. Two repetitions of this position were held for 1 minute followed by rest for 10 to 20 seconds. Blind advanced one leg balance: This was the same as the one leg stance except that the patient was commanded to completely close his/her eyes during the exercise. Group B was treated with therapeutic exercises. Straight leg raise (SLR), pillow squeeze, heel raise, and quadriceps setting. The exercises were done in three sets of 5 repetitions with a 3-min rest between the Each patient was treated four times a week for a period of 4 weeks. Pre-treatment, 2nd week and 4th week pain intensity, joint stiffness and physical difficulties were assessed by using Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire. Main outcome variables: Pain, Stiffness and Physical Functioning

Study aim: The objective of study is to compare the effects of Graston technique versus ischemic compression on pain, ROM of cervical spine along with functional performance among students with neck pain. Design: A randomized clinical not blind trial. Sample size 54 divided in 2 groups. Total 12 treatment sessions will be given to subjects in 4 weeks with 3 sessions/week. Settings and conduct: Setting: Sargodha Institute of Health Sciences 117-C, Zafar Ullah Road, Satellite Town Sargodha and Fatima hospital, University road, Sargodha. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Male and female subjects aged 18-25 years with neck pain from previous 2-3 months. Mobile phone usage >4 hours daily. Neck pain with reduced cervical range of motion (ROM).NPRS value >4 and NDI score greater than 10. Exclusion criteria: Subjects with cervical rib, migraine problem, vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency (VBI). Subjects with diagnosed cases of discogenic disease, spinal infection and inflammatory disorders, scoliosis and neck surgery or trauma. Intervention groups: Patients will be randomly divided into two groups with 27 subjects in each group. After taking baseline assessment Group A will be treated with hot pack for 7-10 min. Graston technique will be performed on neck for 5 min. On the other hand Group B will be treated with hot pack for 7-10 min. Ischemic compression approach will be performed on neck for 5 min. one set of 5 repetitions will be given.3 sessions per week on alternate days for 4 weeks treatment will be carried out. Treatment time of each session will be approximately 15 minutes. Main outcome variables: Pain(NPRS), Functional performance(NDI), Cervical AROM's(Universal Goniometer)

Study aim: To compare the effects of pelvic floor exercises and pelvic tilt exercises on low back pain during third trimester of pregnancy Design: A randomized open-label parallel control group clinical trial. Settings and conduct: Patients will be recruited according to the inclusion criteria of study, from Mola Bakhsh Hospital Sargodha and District Headquarter Hospital Sargodha. After this initial assessment will be performed and patients will be randomized in two groups to receive their respective treatment. Outcomes will be assessed before and after completion of treatment. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: INCLUSION CRITERIA: • Age limit 25 to 35 • Pregnant women with low back pain in 3rd trimester. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: • Systemic illness • Traumatic injury • Previous surgery. Intervention groups: Intervention Group 1: Hot pack will be applied for 10 minutes and then pelvic tilt exercises will be performed for 15 minutes for the treatment of low back pain. 5 sessions/week will be given for 4 weeks. Intervention Group 2: Hot pack will be applied for 10 minutes and then pelvic clock exercises will be performed for 15 minutes. 5 sessions/week will be given for 4 weeks. Treatment time of each session be approximately 25 minutes. Main outcome variables: Visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI)

Study aim: To determine the effect of constraint-induced movement therapy along with conventional therapy and conventional therapy alone on upper extremity spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Design: Quasi-Experimental Study Settings and conduct: Faisal Hospital Faisalabad Children Hospital Faisalabad Day Care Centre Faisalabad Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Age 4-12 years. Both genders. Children with diagnosed upper extremity spastic cerebral palsy. Children with minimum grade 1+ on modified Ashworth scale. Exclusion criteria: Children with Intellectual disability Children who had concomitant sight and hearing disabilities Children with previous six months history of hand surgery. Children with uncontrolled seizures Children with severe health problems not typically associated with CP Children with contractures that limit functional arm and hand use Intervention groups: Treatment will be provided three times a week for 4 weeks. Group A will receive constraint-induced movement therapy along with conventional therapy. Main outcome variables: Modified Ashworth Scale Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children (CP QOL-Child)

Study aim: To determine the effect of single task training versus dual task training on balance and cognition in older adults Design: A concealed, randomized, double blinded trial Settings and conduct: Study will be conducted at Najjat trust old home Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Participants/Inclusion and

Study aim: To determine the effects of kendall exercises & Gong’s mobilization on pain, Range of motion, Function & strength in Text neck syndrome Design: A randomized controlled trail, not blind trial, 2 group. Settings and conduct: Fatima Hospital, University road Sargodha, Pakistan Participants

Study aim: To compare the effect of Specific inferior capsular stretching and Mobilization with movement in Adhesive capsulitis. Design: Two groups, single blinded, Randomised controlled trial. Settings and conduct: Max Rehab Center of Riphah College of Rehabilitation & Allied Health Sciences. Data safety of this single blinded trial (Outcome Assessor Blind) will be ensured by assigning the participants different Specific identity numbers. All consent, reading forms will be placed in locker to blind the assessor. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion: 1. Both gender (male and females) 2. Patient Aged 40-60 years . 3. Shoulder pain at night that often disturb sleep.4. Difficulty in reaching behind the back.5. Reduced arm swing with walking.6. Stiff and painful shoulder more than 1 month.7. Minimum 50% of restriction in abduction & external rotation of shoulder joint. Exclusion: 1. Recent trauma in and around shoulder joint.2. History of shoulder subluxation, dislocation, or ligamentous injury.3. Intrinsic glenohumeral pathology as GH arthritis.4. Previous surgeries. 5. Subjects with diabetes.6. Surgical release of capsule.7. Subjects on steroids or NSAIDs Intervention groups: Intervention Group A Mobilization with movement Intervention Group B Specific inferior capsular stretching Main outcome variables: Numeric Pain Rating Scale(NPRS) for Pain , Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) for Pain and function and Universal Goniometry for Range of motion.

Physical therapy university of Lahore teaching hospital Lahore Pakistan. Single blind study and assessor

, University road Sargodha, Pakistan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Young

Gujrat, Punjab Pakistan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria 1. Patients 30

: Randomized controlled trial Settings and conduct: Social Security Hospital Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. IRB

Study aim: to compare the effects of Instrumental Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization and Deep Transverse Friction Massage on patients with Mechanical Neck Pain Design: Pragmetic,Community based,parallel group,single blinded,randomized control trial Settings and conduct: Madina teaching hospital faisalabad Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria Age group (18-40) year. Gender both ).Patient having neck pain score 5or more then 5.Patient having NDI score 14 or more. Patients with inclusive criteria asked to sign the written consent to take part in the research. Exclusion criteria Participants diagnose to any musculoskeletal or auto immune disorder. Any participant with congenital anomalies like cervical rib etc. Having past family history of radiculopathy of the cervical region and cervical trauma. Participant with bilateral trapezius spasm. Intervention groups: Instrument- assisted soft tissue mobilization .Patients are in this group will give a hot pack, before applying, the advantage of the Garston technique over. Due to its effectiveness and lack of invasiveness, the Garston procedure is expanding quickly. Lubricate the region that has been treated. For 40–120 seconds, try Garston at a 30–60 direction. Deep Transverse Friction Massage. Later power will be applied to the implementation. area to lessen friction, and the skin will be damp and talcum powder will be used. To avoid bruising it was crucial that the therapist's fingertips and the patient’s skin moved together as one throughout friction. Instead of sliding over the skin, the fingers engage together it. This technique will cause numbness in the affected area after a few minutes. For four weeks, on three days a week 15-minute sessions were used for therapy. Main outcome variables: NPRS, GONIOMETER,NECK DISABILITY INDEX QUESTIONNARE

Study aim: Evaluate multimodal rehabilitation effects on dyspnea and quality of life. Design: This single-blind randomized controlled trial includes two groups: the Integrated Rehabilitation Group and the Exercise and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Group. Participants are randomly assigned. Outcome assessors are blinded. Settings and conduct: The study will be conducted at Imran Idrees Hospital, Sialkot, using non-probability convenience sampling. Interventions will be supervised by physiotherapists and dietitians. Ethical approval and informed consent will be obtained. Patient safety and confidentiality will be maintained. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Participants will be male and female, aged 20–40 years, diagnosed with asthma by a physician. They must have mild to moderate asthma with a Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) ≥40%, oxygen saturation ≥90%, and occasional accessory muscle use. Participants should also present with respiratory symptoms such as wheezing or shortness of breath Exclusion Criteria: Participants will be excluded if they have cognitive impairment, severe co-morbidities greater than asthma, other pulmonary diseases, locomotor impairments, irregular medication use, significant cardiovascular conditions, pregnancy or lactation, or inability/unwillingness to attend rehabilitation sessions regularly. Intervention groups: Integrated Rehabilitation Group (IRG): 8-week program combining exercise, muscle relaxation, and nutrition to improve lung function, reduce stress, and enhance quality of life. Exercise-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation Group (EPRG): 8-week standard exercise program focusing on aerobic and resistance training, without additional psychological or nutritional support. Main outcome variables: Pulmonary Function – assessed via Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) using a peak flow meter.