conducted at Muhammad Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Center, Multan, Pakistan. After approval was obtained

institute Peshawar Pakistan. from 31st March 2022. the total duration of the trial will be 6 weeks. patients

Study aim: To determine the effectiveness of thermobalancing therapy and Dr Allen’s Device for the treatment of patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) due to lumbar disc herniation or non-specific low back pain Design: Two arm parallel design randomized controlled trial. Settings and conduct: The study will be conducted at Physical Therapy clinic of Government College University Faisalabad. Potential participants visiting clinic who fulfil edibility criteria will be provided with participant information sheet and if agree to participate, informed consent will be obtained. After baseline assessment participants will be randomized. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Subjects with chronic low back pain, age ≥18 years ≤ 70 years. Subjects should be diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation or nonspecific low back pain. Exclusion criteria: patients with lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar spondylolisthesis, lumbar scoliosis, or a history of lumbar spine surgery. Also, should be excluded people with severe comorbidities including cancer, heart failure and chronic infectious diseases. Intervention groups: Participants in the treatment group will receive thermobalancing with Dr Allen’s Device for 3 months. Dr Allen’s Device consist of a soft belt, which contains thermoelement(s) from the special mixture of natural waxes, is used. Participants will be guided to wear the belt for maximum time throughout the daytime. Patients in the control group will be placed in watchful waiting list and will not receive any active treatment. Main outcome variables: Pain (Numerical Pain Rating Scale), functional disability (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire) and low back pain symptoms (The Japanese Orthopedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire) will be assessed at baseline, after 1 and 3 months after the treatment.

Study aim: To compare the effects of post-isometric relaxation technique and static stretching of quadratus lumborum with routine physical therapy on pain and functional disability in patients with mechanical low back pain. Design: A concealed, randomized, single blinding, randomized clinical trail with a parallel group design of 78 patients. Settings and conduct: Study was conducted in district head quarter hospital Narowal. Single blinding is done with blinding of assessor by labeling the experimental and control groups with unidentifying terms such as symbols or digits. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Participants of both gender with the age of 18 to 50 years having low back pain less than 12 weeks and visual analogue scale not less than point 3 are included in this study. Participants having specific low back pain such as lumber spondylosis, lumber canal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, sensory deficits, malignancies, tuberculosis, prolapsed intervertebral discs with instability or any radicular symptoms. Intervention groups: Participants in control group received routine physical therapy and Participants in experimental group received Post-isometric relaxation technique and static stretching along routine physical therapy Main outcome variables: Pain and Functional disability

hospital Jhelum, Punjab Pakistan and conduct between month of August and November. Data analyst was blinded

Study aim: To assess the effectiveness of proprioceptive and therapeutic exercises on pain, stiffness and physical functioning among the patients with knee osteoarthritis. Design: A Randomized control Trial with parallel group design of 54 patients, enrolled between August 2022 and October 2022, and followed for one month. Settings and conduct: District head quarter hospital Mandi Baha ud Din and City hospital Jalal pur Jattan. The participants were chosen through lottery method (single blind). Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: 45-60 years old patients diagnosed of knee osteoarthritis. Exclusion criteria: Patients with diagnosed osteoporosis, history of traumatic injury and surgery of knee joint (within last 6 months) and Patients of knee osteoarthritis with recommended surgery of knee. Intervention groups: After 20 minutes of local heating Group A received proprioceptive exercises. Exercises included One leg balance: every patient stood on the affected leg with upright posture with hip and knee flexion on the other leg and ankle joint were off from the surface. Two repetitions of this position were held for 1 minute followed by rest for 10 to 20 seconds. Blind advanced one leg balance: This was the same as the one leg stance except that the patient was commanded to completely close his/her eyes during the exercise. Group B was treated with therapeutic exercises. Straight leg raise (SLR), pillow squeeze, heel raise, and quadriceps setting. The exercises were done in three sets of 5 repetitions with a 3-min rest between the Each patient was treated four times a week for a period of 4 weeks. Pre-treatment, 2nd week and 4th week pain intensity, joint stiffness and physical difficulties were assessed by using Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire. Main outcome variables: Pain, Stiffness and Physical Functioning

Study aim: The objective of study is to compare the effects of Graston technique versus ischemic compression on pain, ROM of cervical spine along with functional performance among students with neck pain. Design: A randomized clinical not blind trial. Sample size 54 divided in 2 groups. Total 12 treatment sessions will be given to subjects in 4 weeks with 3 sessions/week. Settings and conduct: Setting: Sargodha Institute of Health Sciences 117-C, Zafar Ullah Road, Satellite Town Sargodha and Fatima hospital, University road, Sargodha. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Male and female subjects aged 18-25 years with neck pain from previous 2-3 months. Mobile phone usage >4 hours daily. Neck pain with reduced cervical range of motion (ROM).NPRS value >4 and NDI score greater than 10. Exclusion criteria: Subjects with cervical rib, migraine problem, vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency (VBI). Subjects with diagnosed cases of discogenic disease, spinal infection and inflammatory disorders, scoliosis and neck surgery or trauma. Intervention groups: Patients will be randomly divided into two groups with 27 subjects in each group. After taking baseline assessment Group A will be treated with hot pack for 7-10 min. Graston technique will be performed on neck for 5 min. On the other hand Group B will be treated with hot pack for 7-10 min. Ischemic compression approach will be performed on neck for 5 min. one set of 5 repetitions will be given.3 sessions per week on alternate days for 4 weeks treatment will be carried out. Treatment time of each session will be approximately 15 minutes. Main outcome variables: Pain(NPRS), Functional performance(NDI), Cervical AROM's(Universal Goniometer)

Study aim: To compare the effects of pelvic floor exercises and pelvic tilt exercises on low back pain during third trimester of pregnancy Design: A randomized open-label parallel control group clinical trial. Settings and conduct: Patients will be recruited according to the inclusion criteria of study, from Mola Bakhsh Hospital Sargodha and District Headquarter Hospital Sargodha. After this initial assessment will be performed and patients will be randomized in two groups to receive their respective treatment. Outcomes will be assessed before and after completion of treatment. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: INCLUSION CRITERIA: • Age limit 25 to 35 • Pregnant women with low back pain in 3rd trimester. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: • Systemic illness • Traumatic injury • Previous surgery. Intervention groups: Intervention Group 1: Hot pack will be applied for 10 minutes and then pelvic tilt exercises will be performed for 15 minutes for the treatment of low back pain. 5 sessions/week will be given for 4 weeks. Intervention Group 2: Hot pack will be applied for 10 minutes and then pelvic clock exercises will be performed for 15 minutes. 5 sessions/week will be given for 4 weeks. Treatment time of each session be approximately 25 minutes. Main outcome variables: Visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI)

Study aim: To determine the effect of constraint-induced movement therapy along with conventional therapy and conventional therapy alone on upper extremity spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Design: Quasi-Experimental Study Settings and conduct: Faisal Hospital Faisalabad Children Hospital Faisalabad Day Care Centre Faisalabad Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Age 4-12 years. Both genders. Children with diagnosed upper extremity spastic cerebral palsy. Children with minimum grade 1+ on modified Ashworth scale. Exclusion criteria: Children with Intellectual disability Children who had concomitant sight and hearing disabilities Children with previous six months history of hand surgery. Children with uncontrolled seizures Children with severe health problems not typically associated with CP Children with contractures that limit functional arm and hand use Intervention groups: Treatment will be provided three times a week for 4 weeks. Group A will receive constraint-induced movement therapy along with conventional therapy. Main outcome variables: Modified Ashworth Scale Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children (CP QOL-Child)

Study aim: To determine the effect of single task training versus dual task training on balance and cognition in older adults Design: A concealed, randomized, double blinded trial Settings and conduct: Study will be conducted at Najjat trust old home Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Participants/Inclusion and

Study aim: To determine the effects of kendall exercises & Gong’s mobilization on pain, Range of motion, Function & strength in Text neck syndrome Design: A randomized controlled trail, not blind trial, 2 group. Settings and conduct: Fatima Hospital, University road Sargodha, Pakistan Participants

Study aim: To compare the effect of Specific inferior capsular stretching and Mobilization with movement in Adhesive capsulitis. Design: Two groups, single blinded, Randomised controlled trial. Settings and conduct: Max Rehab Center of Riphah College of Rehabilitation & Allied Health Sciences. Data safety of this single blinded trial (Outcome Assessor Blind) will be ensured by assigning the participants different Specific identity numbers. All consent, reading forms will be placed in locker to blind the assessor. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion: 1. Both gender (male and females) 2. Patient Aged 40-60 years . 3. Shoulder pain at night that often disturb sleep.4. Difficulty in reaching behind the back.5. Reduced arm swing with walking.6. Stiff and painful shoulder more than 1 month.7. Minimum 50% of restriction in abduction & external rotation of shoulder joint. Exclusion: 1. Recent trauma in and around shoulder joint.2. History of shoulder subluxation, dislocation, or ligamentous injury.3. Intrinsic glenohumeral pathology as GH arthritis.4. Previous surgeries. 5. Subjects with diabetes.6. Surgical release of capsule.7. Subjects on steroids or NSAIDs Intervention groups: Intervention Group A Mobilization with movement Intervention Group B Specific inferior capsular stretching Main outcome variables: Numeric Pain Rating Scale(NPRS) for Pain , Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) for Pain and function and Universal Goniometry for Range of motion.

Physical therapy university of Lahore teaching hospital Lahore Pakistan. Single blind study and assessor

, University road Sargodha, Pakistan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Young

Gujrat, Punjab Pakistan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria 1. Patients 30

: Randomized controlled trial Settings and conduct: Social Security Hospital Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. IRB

Study aim: to compare the effects of Instrumental Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization and Deep Transverse Friction Massage on patients with Mechanical Neck Pain Design: Pragmetic,Community based,parallel group,single blinded,randomized control trial Settings and conduct: Madina teaching hospital faisalabad Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria Age group (18-40) year. Gender both ).Patient having neck pain score 5or more then 5.Patient having NDI score 14 or more. Patients with inclusive criteria asked to sign the written consent to take part in the research. Exclusion criteria Participants diagnose to any musculoskeletal or auto immune disorder. Any participant with congenital anomalies like cervical rib etc. Having past family history of radiculopathy of the cervical region and cervical trauma. Participant with bilateral trapezius spasm. Intervention groups: Instrument- assisted soft tissue mobilization .Patients are in this group will give a hot pack, before applying, the advantage of the Garston technique over. Due to its effectiveness and lack of invasiveness, the Garston procedure is expanding quickly. Lubricate the region that has been treated. For 40–120 seconds, try Garston at a 30–60 direction. Deep Transverse Friction Massage. Later power will be applied to the implementation. area to lessen friction, and the skin will be damp and talcum powder will be used. To avoid bruising it was crucial that the therapist's fingertips and the patient’s skin moved together as one throughout friction. Instead of sliding over the skin, the fingers engage together it. This technique will cause numbness in the affected area after a few minutes. For four weeks, on three days a week 15-minute sessions were used for therapy. Main outcome variables: NPRS, GONIOMETER,NECK DISABILITY INDEX QUESTIONNARE

Study aim: Evaluate multimodal rehabilitation effects on dyspnea and quality of life. Design: This single-blind randomized controlled trial includes two groups: the Integrated Rehabilitation Group and the Exercise and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Group. Participants are randomly assigned. Outcome assessors are blinded. Settings and conduct: The study will be conducted at Imran Idrees Hospital, Sialkot, using non-probability convenience sampling. Interventions will be supervised by physiotherapists and dietitians. Ethical approval and informed consent will be obtained. Patient safety and confidentiality will be maintained. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Participants will be male and female, aged 20–40 years, diagnosed with asthma by a physician. They must have mild to moderate asthma with a Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) ≥40%, oxygen saturation ≥90%, and occasional accessory muscle use. Participants should also present with respiratory symptoms such as wheezing or shortness of breath Exclusion Criteria: Participants will be excluded if they have cognitive impairment, severe co-morbidities greater than asthma, other pulmonary diseases, locomotor impairments, irregular medication use, significant cardiovascular conditions, pregnancy or lactation, or inability/unwillingness to attend rehabilitation sessions regularly. Intervention groups: Integrated Rehabilitation Group (IRG): 8-week program combining exercise, muscle relaxation, and nutrition to improve lung function, reduce stress, and enhance quality of life. Exercise-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation Group (EPRG): 8-week standard exercise program focusing on aerobic and resistance training, without additional psychological or nutritional support. Main outcome variables: Pulmonary Function – assessed via Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) using a peak flow meter.

Study aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of curcumin gel and naproxen gel in the treatment of cervical myofascial pain syndrome (CMPS). Design: Pragmatic, community based, parallel group, double blinded, randomized controlled trial. Total 105 patients will be enrolled. Patients who met our inclusion criteria will be randomized into two groups. Settings and conduct: Muhammad Rehabilitation Centre, Multan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: All ages diagnosed with cervical myofascial pain syndrome Moderate to severe pain, No contraindications to curcumin or naproxen.Exclusion Criteria: Pregnancy, lactation, severe cervical spine pathology, history of drug allergy, and prior treatment with corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory medications within four weeks. Intervention groups: Intervention Protocol: Group A: The respective gel (curcumin ) will be applied topically over the affected area at a dose of 2 grams., A therapeutic ultrasound device operating at 1 MHz frequency and 1.5 W/cm² intensity was used.Ultrasound will be applied for 10 minutes in a circular motion over the gel to enhance transdermal drug delivery.Treatments will be administered once daily for four weeks. Group B: The respective gel (naproxen) will be applied topically over the affected area at a dose of 2 grams., A therapeutic ultrasound device operating at 1 MHz frequency and 1.5 W/cm² intensity was used.Ultrasound will be applied for 10 minutes in a circular motion over the gel to enhance transdermal drug delivery.Treatments will be administered once daily for four weeks. Main outcome variables: Pain (NPRS), Cervical ROM (goniometry), Muscle tenderness (Pressure pain threshold scale), Quality of life (SF-36), Functional Status ( McGill Questionnaire), ESR, CRP, IL-6

Study aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of fish oil supplementation and strengthening exercises on pain relief, joint function, inflammation, and overall quality of life in individuals with osteoarthritis. Design: Pragmatic, community based, parallel group, double blinded, randomized controlled trial. Total 95 patients will be enrolled. Patients who met our inclusion criteria will be randomized into three groups. Settings and conduct: Muhammad physical therapy clinic and rehabilitation center, Multan. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Clinically diagnosed knee OA (Grade II–III, based on the Kellgren-Lawrence scale),moderate pain severity (VAS score 4–6 at baseline),able to perform exercises and follow instructions. Exclusion criteria: Severe OA requiring surgery, allergies to fish oil or vegetarian individuals unwilling to consume fish products, current use of omega-3 supplements or structured physical therapy for OA,significant comorbid conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, uncontrolled diabetes, cardiovascular diseases). Intervention groups: Group 1: Fish oil supplementation ( 1,000 mg fish oil capsule taken twice daily for 12 weeks.) Group 2:Strengthening exercises (Isometric Contractions: Static quadriceps contraction held for 5–10 seconds, repeated 10–15 times per session. Isotonic Strengthening exercise: Partial squats and leg raises with incremental resistance over time) Group 3:Combined intervention (Fish oil + Strengthening exercises) Main outcome variables: Knee X rays; Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scale; Numeric Pain Rating Scale; Pain Catastrophizing Scale; Knee Range of Motion (goniometry); Knee injury outcome (KOOS); Muscle strength (dynamometer); Quality of life (SF-36); C-reactive protein; Interleukin-6

Study aim: The study aims to evaluate the comparative effects of undenatured collagen type 2 supplementation, knee strengthening exercise program, on reducing pain and improving joint function in patients with osteoarthritis and degenerative changes. Design: Pragmatic, community based, parallel group, double blinded, randomized controlled trial. Total 377 patients will be enrolled. Patients who met our inclusion criteria will be randomized into three groups. Settings and conduct: Muhammad physical therapy clinic and rehabilitation center, Multan. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Adults aged between 35–65 years with mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis, knee pain for at least 3 months, able to perform physical activity and follow an exercise regimen, not taking any other osteoarthritis-related medications Exclusion Criteria: Presence of other types of arthritis, history of knee surgery or any intra-articular injections in the past 6 months, currently using immunosuppressive therapy , serious systemic diseases Pregnancy, breastfeeding, known allergy or intolerance to collagen supplements or any ingredients in the intervention product. Intervention groups: Group 1: Will receive 40 mg/day of undenatured collagen type II supplementation. Group 2: Will be given a standardized knee-strengthening exercise program [specify duration and frequency, e.g., three times per week for 45 minutes]. Group 3: Will recieve UC-II supplementation and participated in the knee-strengthening exercise program.. Main outcome variables: Knee X rays; Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scale; Numeric Pain Rating Scale; Pain Catastrophizing Scale; Knee Range of Motion (goniometry); Knee injury outcome (KOOS); Muscle strength (dynamometer); Quality of life (SF-36); C-reactive protein; Interleukin-6

Study aim: The primary aim of this study is to compare the effects of lipid-lowering drugs and a 10-week resistance band training program on lipid profiles, body composition, and overall health outcomes in obese patients with elevated cholesterol levels. Design: Pragmatic, community based, parallel group, double blinded, randomized controlled trial. Total 380 patients will be enrolled. Settings and conduct: Muhammad physical therapy clinic and rehabilitation center, Multan. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria • Adults aged 18-65 years • Diagnosed with dyslipidemia, defined as elevated levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol or triglycerides , or low HDL cholesterol • Able and willing to adhere to either drug therapy or a structured exercise program Exclusion Criteria • History of cardiovascular diseases • Uncontrolled hypertension • Recent history of smoking or current tobacco use • Conditions contraindicating exercise • Current use of lipid-lowering drugs or recent participation in a structured exercise program • Pregnant or lactating women Intervention groups: Group A: Will receive e.g., Rosuvastatin 5mg administered orally once daily. Group B: Participants in the exercise intervention group will undergo a structured resistance training program, tailored to individual fitness levels and conducted under the supervision of a certified exercise trainer. The exercise regimen will include a 5-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of resistance training (including chest press, seated row, shoulder press, biceps curl, squats, deadlift, wood chopper, Russian twists), followed by a 5-minute cool-down. Training sessions will be held three times a week for 12 weeks Main outcome variables: Lipid profile parameters (total cholesterol, low density lipids, high density lipids, and triglycerides) will be measured at three time points: baseline, 5 weeks, and 10 weeks.

Study aim: This study aims to ascertain if the combination of herbal medicine (Ashwagandha, sesame, and rosemary) and therapeutic (Ultrasound therapy) interventions provides a comparative effect, alleviating and managing back pain, improving muscle function, promoting recovery and improving overall mobility in patients with MPS and to compare the effectiveness of Ashwagandha, sesame, and rosemary oils versus Diclofenac gel, both combined with therapeutic ultrasound, in managing back myofascial pain. Design: Pragmatic, community based, parallel group, double blinded, randomized controlled trial. Total 110 patients will be enrolled. Patients who met our inclusion criteria will be randomized into two groups. Settings and conduct: Muhammad Rehabilitation Centre, Multan Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: • Chronic or subacute myofascial back pain persisting for at least 4 weeks. • Pain score ≥4 on the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). • Willingness to undergo ultrasound therapy and use the prescribed gel. Exclusion Criteria: • Dermatological issues or open wounds on the back. • Known allergies to any components of the gels. • Use of systemic corticosteroids or analgesics. • Severe musculoskeletal conditions or neurological disorders. Intervention groups: Group 1: ASR Gel Group: The ASR gel will be applied to the affected area, followed by 10 minutes of ultrasound therapy using a 1 MHz ultrasound device set to 1 W/cm² in continuous mode. Group 2: Diclofenac Gel Group: Diclofenac gel will be applied in a similar manner, followed by identical ultrasound therapy parameters. Both groups received treatment 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Main outcome variables: Pain (NPRS), Cervical ROM (goniometry), Muscle tenderness (Pressure pain threshold scale), Quality of life (SF-36), Functional Status ( McGill Questionnaire), ESR, CRP, IL-6

Study aim: The study aim is to evaluate which technique proved to be more effective Muscle energy technique or soft tissue technique to relieve Tension headache among medical students Design: A randomized clinical trial with two parallel groups, a single blinded study with 10 patients in each group. Settings and conduct: The study is conducted in Faisalabad on students who are studying in The University of Faisalabad, Govt College University Faisalabad. Study is single blinded; subjects are blinded in the study. Twenty subjects are divided in two groups containing 10 participants in each. Participants in group A received Muscle Energy Technique (PIR) 5 reps 3 sets with 10 seconds hold while Group B received Soft Tissue Technique (kneading in which Skin and soft tissues move in circular pattern, tissues are slowly lifted, rolled and squeezed). Both interventions were given 10-15 minutes per day for 20 days Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: Subjects of age 18-40 were selected. Both male and female subjects were selected. Subjects having tension headache that bilaterally located last from 30 min not associated with nausea or vomiting were selected. Exclusion Criteria: Subjects with any malignancy of cervical, upper limb and spine were excluded. Subjects with history of epilepsy, panic attacks were excluded. Subjects having collar on cervical region were excluded. Intervention groups: Subjects are divided in two groups containing 10 participants in each. Participants in group A received Muscle Energy Technique. Group B received Soft Tissue Technique. Main outcome variables: Pain, Impact of headache, disability

, Satellite Town Sargodha, Pakistan. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: INCLUSION CRITERIA: Both